REPORT ON THE LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR REDD+ IN PAKISTAN PREPARED BY AHMER BILAL SOOFI PRESIDENT, RESEARCH SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ADVOCATE SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN APRIL 2017 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................... i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... ii Chapter 1 – INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 UN-REDD & REDD+ ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The Need for REDD+ ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 The REDD+ Goals .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.3.1 Deforestation ................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Forest Degradation ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.3 Sustainable Management of Forests ............................................................................................. 3 1.3.4 Conservation and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks ...................................................... 4 1.4 Genesis of REDD: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 Bali Action Plan ............................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.2 The Kyoto Protocol ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.4.3 Cancun Agreements ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.4.4 The Warsaw Framework for REDD+ ......................................................................................... 5 1.4.5 Paris Agreement .............................................................................................................................. 6 Chapter 2 – NATIONAL CONTEXT AND APPROACH TO REDD+ ...................................... 7 2.1 Economic and Social Development Policies of Pakistan ......................................................... 8 2.2 Initiation of REDD+ in Pakistan .................................................................................................... 9 2.3 National Climate Change Policy 2012 .......................................................................................... 10 2.4 The Framework for Implementation of the Climate Change Policy (2014-2030)............ 10 2.5 Draft National Forest Policy 2015 ................................................................................................. 10 2.6 Clean Development Mechanism ................................................................................................... 11 2.7 REDD+ Related Projects in Pakistan ......................................................................................... 11 Chapter 3 – POLICY, LAW AND REGULATION REVIEW ........................................................ 13 3.1 Limbs of the State .............................................................................................................................. 13 3.2 Pakistan’s Legal System ................................................................................................................... 13 3.3 Difference between policy, law and regulation ......................................................................... 13 3.3.1 Legislative Process ........................................................................................................................ 14 3.4 International Law in Pakistan ........................................................................................................ 15 3.5 Forestry in Pakistan........................................................................................................................... 17 3.5.1 Policies ............................................................................................................................................ 18 3.5.2 Statutory Regime for the Environment, Climate and Forests in Pakistan ............................ 22 3.6 REDD+ Terminology....................................................................................................................... 25 3.6.1 Key Legal Definitions ................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 4 – LAND TENURE LAWS IN PAKISTAN ...................................................................... 28 4.1 Land Tenure under the Constitution............................................................................................ 28 4.2 Statutory Law Governing Land Tenure ....................................................................................... 28 4.3 Land Rights for Women ................................................................................................................... 29 4.4 Forested Land ..................................................................................................................................... 30 4.4.1 Punjab ............................................................................................................................................. 31 4.4.2 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ................................................................................................................... 32 4.4.3 Sindh................................................................................................................................................ 34 4.4.4 Balochistan ..................................................................................................................................... 34 4.4.5 Azad Jammu and Kashmir ........................................................................................................... 34 4.4.6 Gilgit-Baltistan ............................................................................................................................... 35 Chapter 5 – DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION & DEGRADATION, BENEFIT SHARING, STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGEMENT AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION UNDER DOMESTIC LAW ...................................................................................................................... 36 5.1 Drivers of Deforestation & Forest Degradation ........................................................................ 36 5.2 Benefit Sharing ................................................................................................................................... 39 5.3 Stakeholder Engagement ................................................................................................................ 40 5.3.1 Engagement of the Public Sector in REDD+ Implementation............................................. 41 5.3.2 Engagement of the Private Sector in REDD+ Implementation ........................................... 41 5.3.3 Engagement at Grass Root Level ............................................................................................... 42 5.4 Safeguards ............................................................................................................................................ 43 Chapter 6 – REVIEW OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK PERTAINING TO LAND, FOREST, CLIMATE MITIGATION AND REDD+ ....................................................... 47 6.1 Federal Bodies ..................................................................................................................................... 47 6.2 Provincial Bodies ............................................................................................................................... 50 6.3 Non-Governmental Organizations ............................................................................................... 51 6.4 Research Institutes and Universities ............................................................................................ 52 Chapter 7 – RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................... 53 ANNEXURE A: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM PARTICIPANTS OF THE WORKSHOPS ............................................................................................................................................... 56 ANNEXURE B: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS THAT RELATE TO REDD+ ..... 59 ANNEXURE C: REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 62 Laws.............................................................................................................................................................. 62 UN Conventions and Documents ....................................................................................................... 62 Articles (Journals/ Newspapers/Books etc.) ..................................................................................