Issue 85, 2nd Quarter 2017 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY New Technologies, New Strategies An Interview with David L. Goldfein ISSUE EIGHTY-FIVE, 2 ISSUE EIGHTY-FIVE, Operational Graphics for Cyberspace ND QUARTER 2017 Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 85, 2nd Quarter 2017 http://ndupress.ndu.edu Gen Joseph F. Dunford, Jr., USMC, Publisher MajGen Frederick M. Padilla, USMC, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Production Editor John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Book Review Editor Frank G. Hoffman, Ph.D. Associate Editor Patricia Strait, Ph.D. Art Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Printing Office Advisory Committee COL Michael S. Bell, USA (Ret.), Ph.D./College of International Security Affairs; LTG Robert B. Brown, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; Brig Gen Christopher A. Coffelt, USAF/Air War College; Col Keil Gentry, USMC/Marine Corps War College; BGen Thomas A. Gorry, USMC/Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Col Steven J. Grass, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Brig Gen Darren E. Hartford, USAF/National War College; Col Brian E. Hastings, USAF/Air Command and Staff College; RADM P. Gardner Howe III/U.S. Naval War College; LTG William C. Mayville, Jr., USA/The Joint Staff; MG William E. Rapp, USA/U.S. Army War College; LtGen Thomas D. Waldhauser, USMC/The Joint Staff; RDML Brad Williamson/Joint Forces Staff College Editorial Board Richard K. Betts/Columbia University; Stephen D. Chiabotti/ School of Advanced Air and Space Studies; Eliot A. Cohen/The Johns Hopkins University; COL Joseph J. Collins, USA (Ret.)/ National War College; Mark J. Conversino/Air War College; Thomas P. Ehrhard/Office of the Secretary of Defense; Aaron L. Friedberg/Princeton University; Bryon Greenwald/Joint Forces Staff College; Col Thomas C. Greenwood, USMC (Ret.)/Office of the Secretary of Defense; Douglas N. Hime/Naval War College; Mark H. Jacobsen/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Col Jerome M. Lynes, USMC (Ret.)/The Joint Staff; Kathleen Mahoney-Norris/Air Command and Staff College; Thomas L. McNaugher/Georgetown University; Col Mark Pizzo, USMC (Ret.)/ National War College; James A. Schear/Office of the Secretary of Defense; LtGen Bernard E. Trainor, USMC (Ret.) Printed in St. Louis, Missouri, by Cover 2 images (top to bottom): Member of Team USA during archery competition of 2016 Air Force Wounded Warrior Trials at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada (U.S. Air Force/Kevin Tanenbaum); Bill Murray with Soldier from Presidio’s 229th Military Intelligence Battalion during 3-M Celebrity Challenge charity event at Pebble Beach Golf Links, February 8, 2017 (U.S. Army/Steven Shepard); Squadron Sergeant Major of Marine Wing Communications Squadron 28 speaks with Marine during semi-annual Spartan Cup, at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina, January 20, 2017 (U.S. Marine Corps) About the Cover In this Issue Navy explosive ordnance disposal technicians assigned to Task Group 56.1 perform tactical personnel Dialogue insertion during helicopter rope 2 In Memoriam: General suspension training, June 30, 2011, Manama, Bahrain (U.S. Navy/Peter John W. Vessey, Jr., USA D. Lawlor) By John Wagner Forum 4 Executive Summary 6 An Interview with David L. Goldfein 16 Toward a Unified Metric Joint Force Quarterly is published by the National of Kinetic and Nonkinetic Recall Defense University Press for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman’s flagship Actions: Meaning Fields 76 The Advent of Jointness joint military and security studies journal designed to and the Arc of Effects During the Gulf War: A inform members of the U.S. Armed Forces, allies, and other partners on joint and integrated operations; By Bradley DeWees, Terry C. Pierce, 25-Year Retrospective national security policy and strategy; efforts to combat Ervin J. Rokke, and Anthony Tingle By Christopher G. Marquis, Denton terrorism; homeland security; and developments in Dye, and Ross S. Kinkead training and joint professional military education to 22 Information Warfare in transform America’s military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow’s challenges better while protecting an Information Age freedom today. 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Mock 94 Joint Publication 3-20, to ScholarOne, available at https://mc04. manuscriptcentral.com/ndupress, or write to: Security Cooperation: Editor, Joint Force Quarterly Adapting Enduring Lessons NDU Press Features By Keith D. Smith, Mark H. Lauber, 260 Fifth Avenue (Building 64, Room 2504) 50 The Need for a Joint Support Fort Lesley J. McNair and Matthew B. Robbins Washington, DC 20319 Element in Noncombatant Telephone: (202) 685-4220/DSN 325 Evacuation Operations 100 Joint Doctrine Update Email: [email protected] By George K. Dixon JFQ online: www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jfq/jfq.htm 2nd Quarter, April 2017 58 Policing in America: How ISSN 1070-0692 DOD Helped Undermine Posse Comitatus By Steven C. Dowell, Jr. 66 The U.S. Government’s Approach to Health Security: Focus on Medical Campaign Activities By George E. Katsos Chief of the National Guard General Frank Grass meets with Retired General Jack Vessey, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, during visit to Camp Ripley, August 10, 2015 (DOD) In Memoriam General John W. Vessey, Jr., USA By John Wagner Our strategy is one of preventing war by making it self-evident to our enemies that they’re going to get their clocks cleaned if they start one. —GENERAL VESSEY e mourn the passing and National Guard when he was just 16. A combat veteran of World War II and celebrate the life and service General Vessey rose to the rank of first Vietnam, General Vessey eventually became W of General John W. Vessey, sergeant in World War II and received the 10th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Jr., the longest serving U.S. Soldier, a battlefield commission as a second Staff, the Nation’s most senior military offi- who died on August 18, 2016, at the lieutenant in 1944 during the Battle cer, from 1982 until his retirement in 1985. age of 94. He began his 46-year service of Anzio while serving as an artillery He was a recipient of the Distinguished by enlisting in the Minnesota Army forward observer. Service Cross, Defense Distinguished Service Medal, along with Army, Navy, and Air Force Distinguished Service medals, Colonel John Wagner, USAF, is the U.S. Air Force Chair and Assistant Professor in the Dwight D. Legion of Merit, Bronze Star, and Purple Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy at the National Defense University. Heart, among numerous other decorations. 2 Dialogue / In Memoriam JFQ 85, 2nd Quarter 2017 At General Vessey’s retirement be essential to the success of Operation these teams have identified and repatriated ceremony, President Ronald Reagan Desert Storm less than a decade later. At over a thousand Americans who were pre- exclaimed: the U.S. Central Command activation viously listed as prisoners of war or missing ceremony, he noted, “The Command is a in action, returning them home for final General Vessey will be remembered for signal to everyone concerned, friends and closure with families and loved ones. For many things: as a battlefield hero—you’ve possible foes, that the United States has these efforts, President Bush awarded heard today about North Africa, Monte great interests in the region, that we stand him the Presidential Medal of Freedom in Cassino, Anzio, and that grim night with ready to defend those interests and to help 1992 as a “Soldier-Statesman who would the 2nd Battalion in Vietnam; he’ll be promote peace and stability in cooperation not leave anyone behind.” remembered as a man of patriotism and with our friends in the region.”4 Just over As we reflect on the life and service deep religious