AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF THE MEDICAL PROBLEMS OF TRUMPET PLAYING D.M.A. Document Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Musical Arts in the Graduate School at The Ohio State University By Mark Alan Wade, B.M., M.M. ***** The Ohio State University 2008 Document Committee: Professor Timothy Leasure, Adviser Approved by Professor Alan Green Dr. Russel Mikkelson ________________________ Adviser Graduate Program in Music ABSTRACT The very nature of the lifestyle of professional trumpet players is conducive to the occasional medical problem. The life-hours of diligent practice and performance that make a performer capable of musical expression on the trumpet also can cause a host of overuse and repetitive stress ailments. Other medical problems can arise through no fault of the performer or lack of technique, such as the brain disease Task-Specific Focal Dystonia. Ailments like these fall into several large categories and have been individually researched by medical professionals. Articles concerning this narrow field of research are typically published in their respective medical journals, such as the Journal of Applied Physiology . Articles whose research is pertinent to trumpet or horn, the most similar brass instruments with regard to pitch range, resistance and the intrathoracic pressures generated, are often then presented in the instruments’ respective journals, ITG Journal and The Horn Call. Most articles about the medical problems affecting trumpet players are not published in scholarly music journals such as these, rather, are found in health science publications. Herein lies the problem for both musician and doctor; the wealth of new information is not effectively available for dissemination across fields. The purpose of this exhaustive literature search was to produce a single document that collects and annotates current and pertinent research in ii the field of medical problems of the trumpet player and make it available for the trumpet playing community, music educators, conductors and physicians. The bibliography is divided into sections by topic and entries include a bibliography and abstract. Whenever possible, the abstracts by the original authors are used, as they are the experts on their own research. iii Affectionately dedicated to my fiancée, Cristina Santelli iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This document would not be possible without the encouragement, love and support from many. First, I genuinely wish to thank my Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, for the talent and opportunities He has given me. It is my continued prayer to be a faithful steward of the tremendous gifts of my educational and musical opportunities. I owe an enormous debt of gratitude to my family. I am extremely grateful to my parents, Roger and Sue Wade, for their lifelong support of my musical career and music education. You always believe in me and encourage me to pursue my dreams. I also thank you for your help in proofing this document. I am also very thankful to my sister and brother-in-law, Dana and Matt Black, my roommates and best friends. Thanks for tolerating the late night practice sessions and for making me, my fiancée, my students, and of course, The Beast (my dog), so welcome in your home. I would also like to thank my soon-to-be wife, Cristina Santelli, for her constant loving support. Thank you for the Starbucks gift cards that kept me going and for your expertise in proofreading. I am truly inspired by your musicianship, character, intelligence and masterful teaching. I am extremely fortunate to have had several wonderful teachers whose dedication to my education continues to impact me and my students. I would like to express my v sincere gratitude to my first trumpet teacher, Dr. Larry Griffin. I would also like to acknowledge the tremendous education I received from my late piano professor and friend, Jo Ann Fuller Hopper. I am likewise very grateful to the following inspirational teachers: my high school piano teacher, Ms. Joann Jones, for making me actually learn how to read music; to my first high school band director, Colleen Kent, for calling me in the summer before ninth grade and convincing me to continue in band after I had dropped it; and to Bill Thissen, the band director my senior year of high school, who continued to inspire excellence. I would also like to publicly thank my private students for their support of my career and education. Thank you for being so flexible with my hectic schedule and for all the Tim Horton’s and Starbucks! You certainly provided much more than grocery and rent money. I am blessed by your friendship and moved by your own musical accomplishments. Very special thanks go to my advisor and trumpet teacher, Tim Leasure, for helping me jump through all the “hoops” throughout my graduate studies. Likewise, I would like to thank Alan Green, my professor of “Music 786 Research Methods and Bibliography.” This document is an expansion and application of the research techniques expertly taught in his class. Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my remaining committee members: Joe Duchi and Russel Mikkelson. Thank you all for your thoughtful and insightful contributions and for your unending support of my research and musicianship. vi VITA June 3, 1977 ......................................................................................Born, Marysville, Ohio 1998......................................................................National Hammered Dulcimer Champion 1999.......................................................................................................... Bachelor of Music ..................................................................................................... Ohio Wesleyan University 1999-2000 ...................................................... Elementary & Middle School General Music ................................................................................... Marysville Exempted Village Schools ..................................................................................................................... Marysville, Ohio 2000-2002 ...................................................................................Elementary General Music .............................................................. Grapevine-Colleyville Independent School District ................................................................................................................... Colleyville, Texas 2002-2003 ...........................................................................Middle School String Orchestra ................................................................................................... Lexington School District 2 ...................................................................................................... Columbia, South Carolina 2005..............................................................................................................Master of Music ............................................................................................................. Trumpet Performance ......................................................................................................The Ohio State University 2006-Present ....................................................................................... Instructor of Trumpet ................................................................................................................. Denison University PUBLICATIONS Wade, Mark. “Pizza-wha?: Pizzicato Technique on Hammered Dulcimer.” Dulcimer Players News Journal (April 2008): 42-5. Wade, Mark. “When Dulcimers Fly.” Dulcimer Players News Journal (October 2007): 32-8. Wade, Mark. “Computer-Aided Learning.” Dulcimer Players News Journal (April 2007): 9-16. vii De Pue, Wallace. The Dulcimer Contest . Ed. Mark Wade. Bowling Green, Ohio: Picardie Court Productions, 2002. Wade, Mark. T.N.T.: Tunes ‘n’ Techniques for Hammered Dulcimer. 7th ed. Hilliard, Ohio: Blarney Stone Music, 2001-2008. DISCOGRAPHY The Ohio State Wind Symphony. Winds of Nagual. Franklin, Tennessee: Naxos, 2006. [Principal Trumpet.] Clepper, Randy, Mark Wade, et al. Hammer On!. Signal Mountain, TN: Signal Mountain Records, 2005. [All original pieces arranged and co-written by Mark Wade. Hammered dulcimer and guitar.] Miller, Lesley. Cookies ‘n’ Crème . Hilliard, Ohio: Blarney Stone Music, 2005. [All traditional pieces arranged and studio engineered by Mark Wade. Mountain dulcimer, guitar, and keyboards.] Wade, Mark. Serenade. Hilliard, Ohio: Blarney Stone Music, 2005. [All classical pieces were transcribed for hammered dulcimer (and trumpet, track 13), and performed by Mark Wade.] Mahler, Jenifer, and Kaysha King. Songs of Virtues. Hilliard, Ohio: Blarney Stone Music, 2004. [All pieces produced and studio engineered by Mark Wade. MIDI sequencing, guitar.] Mahler, David. Under the Hammer. Hilliard, Ohio: Blarney Stone Music, 2002. [All traditional pieces arranged and studio engineered by Mark Wade. Mountain dulcimer, guitar, and keyboards.] Wade, Mark, and Alex Depue. Silver Bells. Hilliard, Ohio: Blarney Stone Music, 2001. [All pieces arranged by Mark Wade and Alex De Pue. Hammered dulcimer and electric bass.] Wade, Mark. WAY Over the Waterfall. Hilliard, Ohio: Blarney Stone Music, 2000. [All pieces arranged by Mark Kreis and Mark Wade. Hammered dulcimer.] viii Markley, Craig. The Lone Raven. Delaware, Ohio: Lone Raven Enterprises, 1999. [Hammered dulcimer.] Knisley, Deana. Crossroads.