No. JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES AND IRRIGATION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SOUTHERN SUDAN (MWRI / GOSS) MINISTRY OF HOUSING, PHYSICAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SOUTHERN SUDAN (MHPPE / GOSS) MINISTRY OF PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE CENTRAL EQUATORIA STATE (MOPI / CES) JUBA URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT STUDY IN THE SOUTHERN SUDAN FINAL REPORT (SUMMARY) SEPTEMBER 2009 TOKYO ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. (TEC) EIGHT-JAPAN ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS INC. (EJEC) EID JR 09-105 Foreign Exchange Rate: USD 1 = JPY 98.33 USD 1 = SDG 2.21 (Average Between August 2008 and February 2009) PREFACE The Government of Japan decided to conduct “Juba Urban Water Supply and Capacity Development Study in the Southern Sudan” and entrusted it to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA selected and dispatched a Study Team headed by Mr. Hirotaka Sato of Tokyo Engineering Consultants from August 2008 to August 2009. The team held discussions with the officials concerned of the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation as well as other officials concerned, and conducted field surveys. Upon returning to Japan, the team prepared this final report to summarize the results of the study. I hope that this report will contribute to development in the Republic of the Sudan, and to the enhancement of friendly relationship between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of the Republic of the Sudan for their close cooperation extended to the Study Team. September 2009, Mr. Toshiyuki Kuroyanagi Director General Economic Infrastructure Department Japan International Cooperation Agency Mr. Toshiyuki Kuroyanagi Director General Economic Infrastructure Department Japan International Cooperation Agency September 2009 Dear Sir, Letter of Transmittal We are pleased to submit herewith the Final Report of “Juba Urban Water Supply and Capacity Development Study in the Southern Sudan”. The report compiles the results of the Study and includes the advices and suggestions of the authorities concerned of the Government of Japan and your agency as well as the comments made by the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation and other authorities concerned in the Southern Sudan. The Study was carried out for the purpose of formulating a plan to improve the water supply of Juba and developing the capacity of the water sector in the Southern Sudan. The report includes the existing water supply conditions of Juba, the contents of the master plan and the results of a feasibility study carried out on the priority project. We are truly sure that the results of the Study shall contribute to improving the current severe water supply conditions of Juba. We wish to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to your agency and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. We also wish to express our deep gratitude to the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation as well as other Governmental Agencies concerned in the Southern Sudan for their close cooperation and assistance extended to us during the Study. We hope this report will contribute to the development of the Southern Sudan. Very truly yours, Mr. Hirotaka Sato Team Leader, Juba Urban Water Supply and Capacity Development Study in the Southern Sudan Northern Bari Gudele Mt. Jebel Körök JUBA LOCATION MAP Munuki Kator Lologo Juba Town Rejaf Bahr el-Jebel Juba Channel Gumbo Munuki Pilot Area North High North Low Service Reservoir Service Reservoir Existing Water Treatment Plant South Low Service Reservoir South High Service Reservoir Gumbo Elevated Tank East Water Treatment Plant West Water Treatment Plant Tokiman Paleochannel PROPOSED MAIN WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES IN MASTER PLAN JUBA URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT STUDY IN THE SOUTHERN SUDAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION After the end of long duration of civil wars, Juba became the capital of Southern Sudan in September 2005. For more than 20 years in the wars, no adequate investment and maintenance have been carried out in the water supply sector in Southern Sudan. Therefore, most of the facilities in Juba are in dilapidated state and in urgent need of rehabilitation and construction of new water supply system to meet increased large water demand. To improve this situation, the Government of Southern Sudan (GOSS) requested the Government of Japan to carry out “Juba Urban Water Supply and Capacity Development Study (the Study). The purpose of the Study is to formulate a water supply master plan for Juba to a target year of 2025 and to carry out a feasibility study for priority projects. In the course of the Study, capacity development for the water sector of Southern Sudan was also implemented. CURRENT WATER SUPPLY CONDITIONS The people in Juba obtain water by means of house connection or public tap of Urban Water Corporation (UWC), public wells equipped with hand pumps, private venders by water tanker or jerry can venders, and private wells. Before the completion of the rehabilitation of the existing treatment plant in May 2009, it was not possible for the people in Juba to obtain safe and clean water. After the completion, according to the estimate by the Study Team, about 8 % of the population can have access to safe and clean water. However, most of the people still use untreated river water or high salinity groundwater, which have unhygienic and inadequate quality for human consumption. Out of many problems that households in Juba are facing after the end of the wars, according to a household sample survey by the Study Team, the severest problem relates to water supply, and almost all sampled households expressed dissatisfaction with current water supply in terms of water quality, quantity, supply hours and/or price. Out of these water supply dissatisfactions, water quality was answered as the biggest issue. The current average water consumption is about 30 L/c/d and the average fetching time of water is more than 1 hour every day. The households pay very expensive charge to private water venders; the average household expenditure for water is 132 SDG/month. Reflecting the current high expenditure for water, the willingness to pay for improved water supply services of households is quite high; i.e., 110 SDG/month for satisfied water supply service and 134 SDG/month for satisfied continuous water supply service. i JUBA URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT STUDY IN THE SOUTHERN SUDAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TARGETS OF WATER SUPPLY MASTER PLAN The target service area of the Master Plan is Northern Bari composed of Juba Town, Kator, Munuki Payams, Gudele Gumbo and Lologo in Rejaf Payam and Gudele in Juba Town Northern Bari Payam. The overall target of the Munuki Master Plan is that all population in Juba can have access to safe and clean water by 2025 by means of Kator house connection, public tap stand or water tanker Gumb supplying treated water. The target figures of the Lologo Rejaf Master Plan are presented in the table below. The estimated water demands on daily maximum basis Target Service Area of Water Supply are 69,000 m3/d in 2015 and 237,000 m3/d in 2025. Target Figures of Water Supply Service in Master Plan Item 2009 (present) 2015 2025 Future total population (persons) 406,000 680,000 1,161,000 Target coverage for access to safe and clean water supply (%) 8.4 (estimate) 80 100 Service population (persons) Est.34,000 544,000 1,161,000 Design domestic per capita consumption (L/c/d) - for house connection 26 (53)* 90 120 - for public tap stand/water tanker 34 40 40 Average daily water demand (m3/d) 7,200 (capacity) 58,000 197,000 Maximum daily water demand (m3/d) 7,200 (capacity) 69,000 237,000 Note: * It is adjusted based on increased capacity of the treatment plant after the completion of the MDTF project. PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN MASTER PLAN The Bahr el-Jebel is selected as a water source and the location of new intakes shall be at the upstream of the confluence of the Khor Ramla (Jondoru) river to avoid the impact of potential leach from the city dumping site, which is located in the watershed of the Khor Ramla river. The water supply system proposed in the Master Plan envisages the existing water Mt. Jebel Körök treatment plant being expanded to twice High Zone Reservoir of its existing capacity and two water G.L. +530m P Low Zone Reservior treatment plants will be newly constructed Bahr el-Jebel G.L. +490-４80m in the west and east banks, separately. G.L. +460m P Three distribution zones (high and low WTP zones in the west bank and Gumbo zone Schematic Layout of Distribution System in West in the east bank) are proposed to supply water by gravity from service reservoirs. The proposed water ii JUBA URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT STUDY IN THE SOUTHERN SUDAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY distribution zoning system and major facilities in the Master Plan are presented in following figure. West Bank Elevated tank Low Zone Existing WTP 14,000 m3/d West Bank North Low SR West Bank 24,000 m3 P North High SR P 16,000 m3 Mt. Jebel Körök The Bahr West Bank High el-Jebel South High SR Zone 16,000 m3 P West Bank South Low SR 3 : WTP 10,000 m East : Service reservoir (Gumbo) East Bank : Elevated tank Zone Elevated Tank P : Pump station P : Transmission Main : Distribution main East WTP 34,000 m3/d : West bank High Zone West WTP Service Reservoir : West bank Low Zone 189,000 m3/d 11,000 m3 P P : East bank Gumbo Zone Major Proposed Facilities and Distribution Zones in Master Plan A part of the components proposed in the Master Plan was selected as “priority project,” which should be implemented by 2015 with a higher priority.