Leadership and Influencing Change in Nursing Leadership and Influencing Change in Nursing JOAN WAGNER AMANDA WILLCOX, YVONNE HARRIS, WENDY WHITEBEAR, SUSAN BAZYLEWSKI, STACY MULLER, SONIA UDOD, SHAUNA DAVIES, NORMA RABBITSKIN, MAURA MACPHEE, LOUISE RACINE, LISA LITTLE, JOAN WAGNER, COLLEEN TOYE, BRENDALYNN ENS, BEVERLY BALASKI, ANTHONY DE PADUA, ANNE SUTHERLAND BOAL, AND JUDY BOYCHUK DUCHSCHER UNIVERSITY OF REGINA PRESS REGINA Leadership and Influencing Change in Nursing by Joan Wagner is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. The Creative Commons license permits you to retain, reuse, copy, redistribute, and revise this book — in whole or in part — for free providing the author is attributed as follows: Leadership and Influencing Change in Nursing edited and co-authored by Joan Wagner, and published by University of Regina Press (2018), is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 International License. If you redistribute all or part of this book, you must include on every digital page (including but not limited to EPUB, PDF, and HTML) and as part of the copyright notice of a printed copy the following: Download this book for free at www.uregina.ca/open-access/open-textbooks. License exceptions: Chapter 3 section 2 “Living within the Community”, as told by Norma Rabbitskin of Big River First Nation, is based on the Traditional Knowledge of the Big River First Nation and is not licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Please respect the Protocol of Indigenous Traditional Knowledge translation and contact Norma Rabbitskin at the Sturgeon Lake Health Centre if you wish to use this content further. Figure 4.1.1 [May 1897] “Countess of Aberdeen in Queen’s U Robes Topley,” by William James Topley (1845-1930), photo courtesy of Library and Archives Canada under the reproduction reference number PA-027869 and under the MIKAN ID number 3194681, is released in the Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Figure 4.1.2 [1889], photo courtesy of the Provincial Archives of Saskatchewan, Photographic Services Collection, collection number R-B10796, is released in the Public Domain. Figure 10.5.1 [January 1958], photo courtesy of the Provincial Archives of Saskatchewan, Photographic Services Branch Collection, collection number R-B6805, is used with permission. All rights reserved. Figure 13.1 “Photograph by Jocelyn Augustino taken on 08/30/2005 in Louisiana” by Jocelyn Augustino, FEMA / FEMA Photo Library is released in the Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Figure 13.1.1 “Landscape view of wildfire near Highway 63 in South Fort McMurray,” by DarrenRD, is licensed under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License, via Wikimedia Commons. Figure 13.3.1 “Mercy conducts mass casualty exercise during Pacific Partnership 2015 [Image 12 of 12]”, by Mayra Conde, identified by DVIDS, is released in the Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons. The following three figures in Chapter 16 “Emerging Nursing Leadership Issues” are used with the permission of the creator Judy Boychuk Duchscher and are not covered by the Creative Commons License used in this textbook. Figure 16.7.1 “Quality Workplace Factors for New Nursing Graduates” is © 2012 Judy Boychuk Duchscher. All rights reserved, used with permission. Figure 16.7.2 “Transition Stages Model” is © 2007 Judy Boychuk Duchscher. All rights reserved, used with permission. Figure 16.7.3 “Transition Shock Model” is © 2007 Judy Boychuk Duchscher. All rights reserved, used with permission. For questions regarding the licenses and publication, please contact [email protected]. To learn more about University of Regina Press’s Open Textbook Publishing Program, visit www.uofrpress.ca. Cover design: John van der Woude, JVDW Designs, is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 International License. Cover image: “Doctor Nursing Hospital Nurse Bless You Medicine” available from Max Pixels is licensed CC0 Public Domain. This textbook can be referenced. For example, in APA citation style, it would appear as follows: Wagner, J. (Ed.). (2018). Leadership and Influencing Change in Nursing. Regina, SK: URPress. Retrieved from: https://ourspace.uregina.ca/handle/10294/8296. Contents About the Book 1 Joan Wagner Foreword vii Improving Health Outcomes of Indigenous People Wendy Whitebear 1. Identifying Your Leadership Strengths and Opportunities for Growth 9 Joan Wagner 2. Diversity in Health Care Organizations 25 Sonia Udod and Louise Racine 3. Working with Indigenous Leadership and Indigenous Environments 52 Anthony de Padua and Norma Rabbitskin 4. The Role of Nurse Leaders in the Development of the Canadian Health 73 Care System Joan Wagner 5. Providing Nursing Leadership within the Health Care System 92 Joan Wagner 6. Primary Health Care 105 Interprofessional Leadership, Collaboration, and Teamwork Colleen Toye and Joan Wagner 7. Leadership in Quality Management and Safety 129 Joan Wagner 8. Leaders and Evidence-Informed Decision Making 143 Maura MacPhee 9. Common Change Theories and Application to Different Nursing 155 Situations Sonia Udod and Joan Wagner 10. Using Advocacy to Galvanize Ethics into Action 174 Joan Wagner 11. Identifying and Understanding How to Manage Conflict 196 Dispute Resolution Office, Ministry of Justice (Government of Saskatchewan) 12. Responsibility and Authority of Nurse Leaders 216 Lisa Little, Joan Wagner, and Anne Sutherland Boal 13. Emergency Preparedness and Response 232 Yvonne Harris 14. Nursing Leadership through Informatics 249 Facilitating and Empowering Health Using Digital Technology Shauna Davies 15. Regulation, the Law, Labour Relations, and Negotiations 261 Beverly Balaski 16. Emerging Nursing Leadership Issues 283 Brendalynn Ens, Susan Bazylewski, and Judy Boychuk Duchscher About the Contributors 314 Acknowledgements 322 Open Access Publishing 323 Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication 324 About the Book JOAN WAGNER Leadership and Influencing Change in Nursing is designed for a single-semester introduction to the professional nurse’s leadership role as both a care provider and a formal leader. Nursing stu- dents will take this course in their third year as they prepare to assume a professional nursing role within the clinical health care environment. An assortment of authors with diverse nurs- ing leadership roles across Saskatchewan and Canada have contributed to this textbook. These diverse voices are focused on providing student nurses with the foundational tools, techniques, and knowledge required to empower them to meet the leadership challenges found within the ever-changing Canadian health care environment. Assembling this information using an online format allows for the material to be updated regularly so as to keep pace with the rapid expan- sion of knowledge. The specific goals of this textbook are: • to ensure the information is relevant to Saskatchewan nursing students, • to tailor the content to nursing students’ needs for both practical knowledge and theoreti- cal knowledge, • to provide up-to-date, evidence-informed content on nursing leadership, • to thread Indigenous content throughout the textbook, and • to tailor the textbook to the curriculum. APPROACH AND PEDAGOGY This open access textbook introduces you to concepts related to leadership and the ability to influence change in the nursing profession. Essential theory and readings will be provided. The authors offer real-life management wisdom that is derived from a combination of clinical prac- tice and evidence-based knowledge obtained through research. This wisdom will assist you in developing essential critical thinking skills that will enable you to make critical leadership deci- sions based on evidence-informed best practice. The authors will continue to work to ensure that the readings provided in this textbook contain the most up-to-date and relevant informa- tion. Since this is an open textbook, content will be reviewed and updated annually to ensure that the predetermined critical learning elements and outcomes are met for the course in which it is used. Instructors may assign additional readings in their classes in order to enrich your learning. 1 Each chapter begins with a significant leadership quotation relevant to the chapter content. Key terms throughout the chapters are highlighted in bold. Coloured boxes are used in each chapter to differentiate and highlight important learning fea- tures (see diagram below). Key Learning Features Learning Objectives From the Field Research Notes Essential Learning Activities Exercises The Learning Objectives set out at the beginning of each chapter provide a guide to chapter contents and structure to your learning. Three types of textboxes in each chapter offer important information: From the Field textboxes provide wise words from nurse leaders. Research Notes demonstrate how each chapter is evidence-based and provide you with links to important academic research that further explores the critical topics addressed in each chapter. Essential Learning Activities in each chapter include links to important resources. These Essential Learning Activities may also include podcasts from chapter authors that have been developed for this textbook. The authors have chosen to provide you with links to source documents and videos, rather than summarizing or restating the contents of these important resources. These Essential Learning Activities are an integral part of the chapter content and will provide you with an in-depth understanding of contemporary issues within the nursing profes-