Events 480 BC – Battle of Salamis: The Greek fleet under Themistocles defeats the Persian fleet under Xerxes I. 904 – The warlord Zhu Quanzhong kills Emperor Zhaozong, the penultimate emperor of the Tang dynasty, after seizing control of the imperial government. AnaMichaelJoanInocenPapaHenri deJett,Clement Alain-Fournierț iuAustria Faraday cântăreaMicu-Klein al, mama ,XIV-lea fizicianț ă-compozitoare,, scriitorregeluiepiscop și francezLudovic al XIV-leachimistrock,român chitaristă unit britanical Fran americanăț ei 1236 – The Lithuanians and Semigallians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword in the Battle of Saule. 1499 – Treaty of Basel 1586 – Battle of Zutphen: Spanish victory over the English and Dutch. 1598 – English playwright Ben Jonson kills an actor in a duel and is indicted for manslaughter. 1692 – The last people are hanged for witchcraft in England's North American colonies. 1711 – The Tuscarora War begins in present-day North Carolina. 1761 – George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz are crowned King and Queen, respectively, of theKingdom of Great Britain. 1776 – Nathan Hale is hanged for spying during American Revolution. 1789 – The office of United States Postmaster General is established. 1789 – Battle of Rymnik establishes Alexander Suvorov as a pre-eminent Russian military commander after his allied army defeat superior Ottoman Empire forces. 1792 – Primidi Vendémiaire of year one of the French Republican Calendar as the French First Republiccomes into being. 1823 – Joseph Smith states he found the Golden plates on this date after being directed by God through theAngel Moroni to the place where they were buried. 1857 – The Russian warship Lefort capsizes and sinks during a storm in the Gulf of Finland, killing all 826 aboard. 1862 – Slavery in the United States: A preliminary version of the Emancipation Proclamation is released. 1866 – Battle of Curupayty in the Paraguayan War. 1869 – Richard Wagner's opera Das Rheingold premieres in Munich. 1885 – Lord Randolph Churchill makes a speech in Ulster in opposition to Home Rule. 1888 – The first issue of National Geographic Magazine is published. 1896 – Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather King George III as the longest reigning monarch in British history. 1908 – The Bulgarian Declaration of Independence is proclaimed. 1910 – The Duke of York's Picture House opens in Brighton, now the oldest continually operating cinema in Britain. 1914 – German submarine SM U-9 torpedoes and sinks the British cruisers HMS Aboukir, Hogue and Cressyon the Broad Fourteens off the Dutch coast with the loss of over 1,400 men. 1919 – The steel strike of 1919, led by the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, begins inPennsylvania before spreading across the United States. 1927 – Jack Dempsey loses the "Long Count" boxing match to Gene Tunney. 1934 – An explosion takes place at Gresford Colliery in Wales, leading to the deaths of 266 miners and rescuers. 1937 – Spanish Civil War: Peña Blanca is taken; the end of the Battle of El Mazuco. 1939 – Joint victory parade of Wehrmacht and Red Army in Brest-Litovsk at the end of the Invasion of Poland. 1941 – World War II: On Jewish New Year Day, the German SS murder 6,000 Jews in Vinnytsia, Ukraine. Those are the survivors of the previous killings that took place a few days earlier in which about 24,000 Jews were executed. 1955 – In the United Kingdom, the television channel ITV goes live for the first time. 1957 – In Haiti, François Duvalier is elected president. 1960 – The Sudanese Republic is renamed Mali after the withdrawal of Senegal from the Mali Federation. 1965 – The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (also known as the Second Kashmir War) between India and Pakistan over Kashmir, ends after the UN calls for a ceasefire. 1975 – Sara Jane Moore tries to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford, but is foiled by Oliver Sipple. 1979 – The Vela Incident (also known as the South Atlantic Flash) is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test. 1980 – Iraq invades Iran. 1991 – The Dead Sea Scrolls are made available to the public for the first time by the Huntington Library. 1993 – A barge strikes a railroad bridge near Mobile, Alabama, causing the deadliest train wreck in Amtrakhistory. Forty-seven passengers are killed. 1993 – A Transair Georgian Airlines Tu-154 is shot down by a missile in Sukhumi, Georgia. 1995 – An E-3B AWACS crashes outside Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska after multiple bird strikes to two of the four engines soon after takeoff; all 24 on board are killed. 1995 – Nagerkovil school bombing, is carried out by the Sri Lanka Air Force in which at least 34 die, most of them ethnic Tamil school children. 2013 – At least 75 people are killed in a suicide bombing at a church in Peshawar, Pakistan. Births 1515 – Anne of Cleves (d. 1557) 1547 – Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin, German philologist, mathematician, astronomer, and poet (d. 1590) 1593 – Matthäus Merian, Swiss-German engraver and cartographer (d. 1650) 1601 – Anne of Austria (d. 1666) 1606 – Li Zicheng, Chinese emperor (d. 1645) 1680 – Barthold Heinrich Brockes, German poet (d. 1747) 1694 – Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1773) 1715 – Jean-Étienne Guettard, French mineralogist and botanist (d. 1786) 1741 – Peter Simon Pallas, German zoologist and botanist (d. 1811) 1743 – Quintin Craufurd, Scottish author (d. 1819) 1762 – Elizabeth Simcoe, English-Canadian painter and author (d. 1850) 1765 – Paolo Ruffini, Italian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1822) 1788 – Theodore Hook, English composer and educator (d. 1841) 1791 – Michael Faraday, English physicist and chemist (d. 1867) 1819 – Wilhelm Wattenbach, German historian and academic (d. 1897) 1829 – Tự Đức, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1883) 1835 – Alexander Potebnja, Ukrainian linguist and philosopher (d. 1891) 1841 – Andrejs Pumpurs, Latvian soldier and poet (d. 1902) 1842 – Abdul Hamid II, Ottoman sultan (d. 1918) 1868 – Louise McKinney, Canadian educator and politician (d. 1931) 1869 – Adrien de Noailles, French son of Jules Charles Victurnien de Noailles (d. 1953) 1870 – Charlotte Cooper, English-Scottish tennis player (d. 1966) 1870 – Arthur Pryor American trombonist, composer, and bandleader (d. 1942) 1875 – Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, Lithuanian painter and composer (d. 1911) 1876 – André Tardieu, French journalist and politician, 97th Prime Minister of France (d. 1945) 1878 – Shigeru Yoshida, Japanese politician and diplomat, 51st Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1967) 1880 – Christabel Pankhurst, English activist, co-founded the Women's Social and Political Union (d. 1958) 1882 – Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal (d. 1946) 1883 – Ferenc Oslay, Hungarian-Slovene historian and author (d. 1932) 1883 – Frank George Woollard, English engineer (d. 1957) 1885 – Gunnar Asplund, Swedish architect and academic, designed the Stockholm Public Library (d. 1940) 1885 – Ben Chifley, Australian engineer and politician, 16th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1951) 1885 – Erich von Stroheim, Austrian-American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1957) 1887 – Bhaurao Patil, Indian educator and activist (d. 1959) 1889 – Hooks Dauss, American baseball player (d. 1963) 1891 – Hans Albers, German actor and singer (d. 1960) 1891 – Alma Thomas, American painter and educator (d. 1978) 1892 – Billy West, American actor, director, and producer (d. 1975) 1894 – Elisabeth Rethberg, German soprano (d. 1976) 1895 – Paul Muni, Ukrainian-American actor and singer (d. 1967) 1896 – Uri Zvi Greenberg, Ukrainian-Israeli poet and journalist (d. 1981) 1896 – Henry Segrave, American-English race car driver (d. 1930) 1898 – Katharine Alexander, American actress and singer (d. 1981) 1900 – Paul Hugh Emmett, American chemist and engineer (d. 1985) 1900 – Sergey Ozhegov, Russian lexicographer and academic (d. 1964) 1900 – William Spratling, American-Mexican silversmith and educator (d. 1967) 1901 – Charles Brenton Huggins, Canadian-American physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997) 1902 – John Houseman, Romanian-American actor and producer (d. 1988) 1903 – Joseph Valachi, American gangster (d. 1971) 1904 – Ellen Church, American flight attendant (d. 1965) 1905 – Haakon Lie, Norwegian lawyer and politician (d. 2009) 1905 – Eugen Sänger, Czech-Austrian engineer (d. 1964) 1906 – Ilse Koch, German wife of Karl-Otto Koch (d. 1967) 1907 – Maurice Blanchot, French philosopher and author (d. 2003) 1907 – Philip Fotheringham-Parker, English race car driver (d. 1981) 1907 – Hermann Schlichting, German engineer and academic (d. 1982) 1908 – Esphyr Slobodkina, Russian-American author and illustrator (d. 2002) 1909 – John Engstead, American photographer and journalist (d. 1983) 1910 – György Faludy, Hungarian poet and author (d. 2006) 1912 – Herbert Mataré, German physicist and academic (d. 2011) 1912 – Martha Scott, American actress and producer (d. 2003) 1913 – Lillian Chestney, American painter and illustrator (d. 2000) 1915 – Grigory Frid, Russian pianist and composer (d. 2012) 1915 – Arthur Lowe, English actor (d. 1982) 1918 – Hans Scholl, German activist (d. 1943) 1918 – Henryk Szeryng, Polish-Mexican violinist and educator (d. 1988) 1920 – Eric Baker, English activist, co-founded Amnesty International (d. 1976) 1920 – Anders Lassen, Danish-English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1945) 1920 – Bob Lemon, American baseball player