Action Plan for Comprehensive RE Development in Tamil Nadu Action Plan for Comprehensive Renewable Energy Development in Tamil Nadu FINAL REPORT December 2012 Supported by Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation, New Delhi CII (Southern Region) Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency Prepared by World Institute of Sustainable Energy (WISE), Pune i Action Plan for Comprehensive RE Development in Tamil Nadu © World Institute of Sustainable Energy 2012 Citation WISE. 2012. Action Plan for Comprehensive Renewable Energy Development in Tamil Nadu. Pune: World Institute of Sustainable Energy, 158 pp. [Report prepared for Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency, Chennai and Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation, New Delhi] Circulation policy This report is prepared for the Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency, Chennai and Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation, New Delhi. Disclaimer The views and analyses represented in the documents do not necessarily reflect those of Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation (“Foundation”), CII and TEDA. The Foundation, CII, and TEDA accept no liability for the contents of this document or for the consequences of any actions taken on the basis of the information provided. Information contained in this publication is reliable and deemed correct to the knowledge of WISE. Due care and caution has been taken by WISE in compilation of data from various primary and secondary resources that WISE considers reliable. However, WISE does not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of any information. WISE shall not be held responsible for any errors or omissions or for the end results obtained from use of this information. WISE shall not have any liability whatsoever, including financial, at any time in future because of the use of information in this report. Report Team Suhas Tendulkar, DGM, Projects Rajendra Kharul, Joint Director and Head, Centre for Wind Power Sudhir Kumar, Joint Director and Head, Centre for Solar Power Surendra Pimperkhedkar, Fellow and Head, Center for Renewable Regulation and Policy Sanjeev Ghotge, Joint Director (Research) and Head, Centre for Climate Sustainability and Policy Praveena Sanjay, Joint Director and Head, Centre for Co-ordination & Communication Address any enquiry about this document to Centre for Wind Power Fax (020) 2661 1438 World Institute of Sustainable Energy E-mail [email protected] Kalyani Nagar Tel. (020) 2661 3832 Pune – 411006 / India [Country code +91] Web www.wisein.org ii Action Plan for Comprehensive RE Development in Tamil Nadu Contents Tables iv Figures vii Abbreviations viii Acknowledgements ix Executive Summary x PART I INTRODUCTION 1. Tamil Nadu: Introduction & Overview of the Power Sector 1 PART II RE-ASSEESSMENT OF RE POTENTIAL IN TAMIL NADU 2. The Context, General Objectives and Principles of RE Potential 17 Assessment 3. Solar Power Potential in Tamil Nadu 21 4. Wind Power Potential in Tamil Nadu 41 5. Potential of Wind-Solar PV Hybrid 57 6. Potential for Power Generation from Biomass 61 7. Small Hydro Potential 71 8. Summary of Renewable Potential Assessment 77 PART III ACCELERATED RE CAPACITY ADDITION: THE TWO SCENARIOS, CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS 9. Accelerated RE Capacity Addition: 85 The Scenarios, Challenges & Solutions 10. Summary Results of a Detailed Grid Study for Large Scale RE 101 Integration and Evacuation PART IV RE ACTION PLAN & IMPLEMENTATION ROADMAP FOR TAMIL NADU 11. RE Action Plan for the State 129 12. Implementation Roadmap, Benefits & Conclusion 141 References 157 iii Action Plan for Comprehensive RE Development in Tamil Nadu Tables Table Title Page 1.1 Installed generation capacity (MW) in Tamil Nadu by fuel (August 2012) 2 1.2 Electrical energy requirement projections for Tamil Nadu by 2022 3 1.3 RE installed base in Tamil Nadu 4 1.4 Tariffs for various RE technologies 6 1.5 OA charges for third party sale/captive use 7 1.6 Thermal power projects planned in Tamil Nadu in Phase II 11 2.1 Buffer values for features 18 2.2 Comparison of LULC datasets 19 2.3 Miscellaneous datasets 20 3.1 Land-use categorization for grid-tied solar power potential assessment 22 3.2 Assumptions for GIS and MCA-based solar potential assessment for Tamil Nadu 25 3.3 Solar PV potential of each district (in MW) 29 3.4 Basis for re-categorizing CSP Potential 30 3.5 District-wise CSP potential (in MW) 34 3.6 Solar process heating substitution potential for sizing process in cotton cloth 36 manufacturing 3.7 Off-grid potential of solar technologies 37 3.8 Off-grid potential (District-wise) of solar technologies 37 3.9 Results of solar potential assessment 38 4.1 Specifications of representative class III A wind turbines 42 4.2 Land-use categorization for wind power potential assessment 43 4.3 Assumptions for GIS and MCA-based wind potential re-assessment for Tamil 45 Nadu 4.4 Turbines used for CUF estimation at various hub heights 47 4.5 Wind potential, by district, at 80 m (Farmland analysis) 51 4.6 Basis for re-categorizing offshore wind potential 51 4.7 Offshore wind potential 80 m area break-up based on net CUF 52 4.8 Results of wind-potential assessment for the three hub heights 54 5.1 Assumptions for GIS and MCA-based wind-solar PV potential assessment for 57 Tamil Nadu 5.2 District-wise break-up of wind-solar PV potential in Tamil Nadu 57 6.1 Assumptions for bio-energy power potential assessment for Tamil Nadu 62 6.2 Agro- and agro-industrial residues considered in the st 64 6.3 Agro-residue based potential in Tamil Nadu, by district 64 6.4 District-wise bagasse-based co-generation power potential in Tamil Nadu 66 6.5 Biomass potential assessment results in Tamil Nadu 68 7.1 Dam-toe-based small hydro potential for selected 10 irrigation dams in 74 Tamil Nadu iv Action Plan for Comprehensive RE Development in Tamil Nadu Table Title Page 8.1 Summary of grid-connected RE potential in Tamil Nadu 78 8.2 Constrained potential and area of grid-connected RE in Tamil Nadu 79 8.3 Total potential and area of grid-connected RE in Tamil Nadu 80 8.4 Off-grid potential in Tamil Nadu 81 9.1 RE capacity-addition required in Tamil Nadu to meet 12% by 2017 and 15% by 85 2020 national-level targets 9.2 BAU capacity-addition plan for grid-tied renewables 87 9.3 BAU capacity-addition plan for off-grid renewables 87 9.4 AGG capacity-addition plan for grid-tied renewables 88 9.5 AGG capacity addition-plan for off-grid renewables 88 9.6 Load dispatch daily data for 12 days in 2011 90 9.7 Summary of figures in TNERC document 94 9.8 Estimated units under EWA 95 9.9 Figures submitted by TANGEDCO to TNERC (March 2012) 95 9.10 Impact of banking under the most likely and maximum scenario 96 9.11 Consolidated total cost of wind power to TANGEDCO 96 9.12 Grid infrastructure requirement for AGG capacity addition scenario 98 (Ref: Chapter 10) 9.13 Values for UI charges for all the months of FY 2011-12 98 10.1 Unit cost (Rs Crore) of substation equipments 102 10.2 Transmission line costs (Rs Crore) 102 10.3 Business-as-usual scenario – Proposed locations 102 10.4 Aggressive scenario - Proposed locations 104 10.5 Proposed action plan for BAU 2016–17 network conditions 107 10.6 No. of substations proposed for 2016–17 BAU scenario 108 10.7 Proposed line lengths (in circuit km) for 2016–17 BAU scenario 108 10.8 Proposed action plan for BAU 2021-22 network condition 109 10.9 No. of substations proposed for the 2021–22 BAU scenario 109 10.10 Proposed line length (circuit km) for 2012–22 BAU scenario 110 10.11 Proposed action plan for AGG 2016–17 network condition 110 10.12 No. of substations proposed for the 2016–17 AGG scenario 111 10.13 Required transmission lines for 2016-17 AGG scenario 111 10.14 Proposed action plan for AGG 2021-22 network conditions 112 10.15 No. of substations proposed for 2021-22 AGG scenario 113 10.16 Required transmission lines for 2021-22 AGG scenario 113 10.17 SVC requirement for the 2021–22 AGG scenario 113 10.18 Cost estimates for proposed grid augmentation in BAU and AGG scenarios 114 10.19 Yearly break-up of infrastructure cost for the business-as-usual scenario 114 10.20 Yearly break-up of infrastructure cost for the aggressive scenario 114 10.21 Advantages and disadvantages of different storage technologies for RE 121 v Action Plan for Comprehensive RE Development in Tamil Nadu Table Title Page 10.22 Additional 400 kV sub-stations considered in the 2016–17 BAU scenario 122 10.23 Additional 400 kV sub-stations considered in the 2021–22 BAU scenario 123 10.24 Additional 400 kV sub-stations considered in 2016-17 aggressive scenario 124 10.25 Additional 400 kV sub-stations considered in the 2021–22 aggressive scenario 125 11.1 Funding (sources and uses) for 12th and 13th five-year plans 139 12.1 Implementation roadmap for RE action plan for Tamil Nadu 141 12.2 Capital cost based on CERC document 148 12.3 Investment flow for BAU & AGG scenarios in Tamil Nadu 148 12.4 VAT revenue receipts for BAU and AGG scenarios 148 12.5 Indicative methodology for benefit estimation 150 12.6 Cumulative savings from surplus RECs in Tamil Nadu in the 12th and 13th plan 150 (BAU & AGG scenarios) 12.7 Estimated installed capacity of RE in Tamil Nadu as on 31 March 2012 152 12.8 Base figures for CFA estimations for BAU and AGG scenarios 152 12.9 Average manpower requirement for various grid-tied technologies 153 12.10 Employment generation estimates for BAU and AGG scenarios 153 12.11 Cumulative CO2 savings due to new capacity-additions for BAU and AGG 154 scenarios 12.12 Summary of benefits for BAU and AGG scenarios 154 vi Action Plan for Comprehensive RE Development in Tamil Nadu Figures