Natural England Commissioned Report NECR054 Coastal Vegetated Shingle Annex A - Site profiles First published 17 December 2010 www.naturalengland.org.uk Blakeney Point Norfolk TG015458 Fieldwork Date: 17/10/09 Conservation Status: SAC, SPA, RAMSAR, Biosphere reserve, WHS (Proposed), AONB, NNR, SSSI communities are of equal importance on this site Introduction to the seals, birds, dunes and salt-marsh. Blakeney Point is a particularly good example of a The coastal shingle ridge has been retreating into shingle fringing beach and spit system, which is the salt-marsh over many years in successive growing westwards from its land-attached ‘lobes’ or fans after storm events. It now appears proximal end at Salthouse. There are a series of that the front ridge is markedly narrowing as a recurved shingle laterals along the length of the result of marine erosion. Near the coastguard spit and particularly at its distal end. These result watch house lateral, Suaeda vera is currently from wave refraction changes during growth of exposed on the foreshore. This species is the spit. The main body of the spit comprises typically expected to occur on the rear shingle- several storm ridges that have been successively salt marsh interface. deposited and then overlain by aeolian sand, resulting in dunes. In the lee of the shingle ridges and between the shingle laterals, estuarine deposits have been laid down and salt marsh has formed. It is the interdigitation of these three habitats and the interface vegetation between them, that makes Blakeney Point so significant. Threats Blakeney Point receives 100,000 visitors a year. Over 77,000 come by boat from Morston Quay and Blakeney, but nearly 33,000 tramp along the shingle from Cley. Day visitors include ramblers, Footfall damage caused by birdwatchers fishermen, students and, above all, birdwatchers. Most visit the Lifeboat House (National Trust HQ). There is evidence of a large vehicle’s tracks along the top of the main coast ridge. This has made The Coastguard watch-house, bought by the NT recent deep imprints and damaged large numbers in 1932 was previously leased to the Girl-Guide of Lathyrus japonicus Honckenya peploides and Association. It is now leased to a local Silene uniflora patches along the whole length of organisation for use as a private holiday home for the spit from Cley westwards. families. Hopefully this will reduce the impact on the vegetation nearby. This is an important Wood (2001, Biol. Cons., 97, 199-205) has location for Frankenia laevis. recently examined species persistence and species richness on this site, showing disturbance Students, ramblers and birdwatchers are all and site management to be critical. affecting the conservation of the shingle flora. Currently, footfall damage to the shingle vegetation is markedly increasing, yet these Blakeney Point: Site Profile restaurant facility owned by the Norfolk Wildlife Management Trust on the A149 and a charged carpark at the beach. Signs have been erected at Cley car park Because of the large number of visitors who land explaining the importance of the site. on Blakeney Spit and visit the Lifeboat House, boardwalks, fencing and information boards have Much of the coast ridge near the Salthouse car been erected to help protect the adjacent fragile park has been re-profiled by bulldozer over many dune system. years as sea defence, but this has now ceased. Little vegetation has so far returned. The site is permanently wardened and additional wardens are employed in summer months. A post and string fence has been erected since 2006 to keep visitors away from the Glaven estuary dredging works, and this is concentrating some walkers along a narrow strip adjacent to the Suaeda interface zone. Re-profiled shingle Vegetation Pioneer communities The shingle parts of Blakeney Point support three pioneer communities along with some grassland communities. The foreshore of the spit is steep, and retreating and therefore does not support vegetation. Much of the lee slope of the spit supports an open pioneer community typical of East Anglian shingle sites. This comprises a Silene uniflora – Glaucium flavum assemblage with few associates. The cover offered by these species is small and the vast majority of each quadrat Vehicle Damage on foreshore remains devoid of vegetation. Occasional Rabbits and foxes were culled till recently but associates include Rumex crispus and Senecio were then left to regulate each other. The fox jacobaea. This has been recognised as SH6a by population is now being culled once more to Sneddon & Randall. Compared with the 1993 reduce impact on the internationally important survey there are more extensive patches of a bird colonies. similar community, but with Crambe maritima replacing Glaucium; previously recognised as There is a very small free car park (c.12 cars) at SH6. This is typical of many southern sites, but is Salthouse at the eastern end of the site. At Cley, now more prevalent in East Anglia in locations there is a large car park and toilet / bookshop / where sand in the matrix is low. Blakeney Point: Site Profile Another community that has expanded more extensive and is even showing up in places considerably since 1993 is SH11 Lathyrus on the foreshore. japonicus pioneer community. Previously present as only one small patch, this is now more Between the recurve grasslands and the adjacent extensive between Cley and after the ‘Watch- salt-marsh there is a very narrow but significant House recurve. Occasional associates include assemblage on shingle with a clay matrix. This small amounts of Rumex crispus, Glaucium contains three rare species: Frankenia laevis, flavum and Senecio jacobaea Limonium belledifolium and L. binervosum. Its closest affinity is with SM21 but has Suaeda Where sand is present as a higher proportion of maritima rather than S. vera as a constant and the substrate, these communities are replaced by Atriplex prostrata and Beta vulgaris maritima and a more diverse pioneer community defined by the Salicornia sp. frequent. constant presence of Honckenya peploides with Silene uniflora SH26. Other indicators of this assemblage are also arenicolous in nature. These include Ammophila arenaria, Sedum acre, Grassland Communities Phleum arenarium and Glaucium flavum. Many of On shingly areas of high sand content near the the patches of this community previously found dune system there is an Ammophila arenaria - along the main body of the spit have disappeared, Ceratodon purpureus assemblage SH52, typical but it is still significant towards the distal end of of foredunes. Plantago coronopus, Festuca rubra, Blakeney Point. Phleum arenarium and Sedum acre are often present. The shingle laterals support stable grassland communities which reflect the nearby maritime influences on these areas, The most frequent grassland of recurved areas is a Plantago coronopus – Armeria maritima – Festuca rubra assemblage SH33. The salt-marsh influence is also indicated by the occasional presence of Limonium vulgare and Silene uniflora is also a frequent associate. This community is stable with a major lichen component including Cladonia furcata, C. cervicornis and C. foliacea. Circular Silene Salt Marsh Communities The major assemblage found along much of the rear of the spit is defined by the dominant While not obtained for this study, further presence of Suaeda vera with the lichen information on the vegetation of Blakeney is Xanthoria parietina on older branches. This available in UCL (2007)1. species is frequently found on East Anglian shingle/salt marsh boundaries in Norfolk and parts of Essex. The community closely matches SM25 and includes Elymus pycnanthus, but also 1 has typical shingle species around and between John Pearson, Kenneth Taylor, Janet Woodall and Suaeda clumps. As the shingle continues David Havill. (2007) Plants of Blakeney Point, Norfolk, retreating and rolling over the marsh, what was an annotated list with selected distribution maps. Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' once a linear boundary community is becoming Society Volume 40 Part 1 2007 pp 16-54 Blakeney Point: Site Profile Extent of Vegetated Shingle end of the spit. This is a large site and it was only possible to do a brief survey within the context of The extent of vegetated shingle at the site is this study. Further survey is recommended in estimated to be 78.9 hectares, however, there is order to assess the overlapping region with sand some uncertainty about the shingle towards the dunes. Habitat Quality and the presence of key species Key Species Species Common Name Records Galeopsis angustifolia Red Hemp-nettle 1 Pseudeuophrys obsoleta a jumping spider 1 Philorhizus vectensis a ground beetle 0 Bombus subterraneus Short-haired bumble-bee 0 Pyropteron chrysidiformis Fiery Clearwing 0 Temnothorax interruptus Long-spined Ant 0 Salticella fasciata Dune Snail-killing Fly 0 Lactuca saligna Least Lettuce 0 Crepis foetida Stinking Hawk`s-Beard 0 Sterna dougallii dougallii Roseate Tern 0 Thalera fimbrialis Sussex Emerald 0 Idaea ochrata subsp. cantiata Bright Wave 0 Scleranthus annuus Annual Knawel 1 Salsola kali subsp. kali Prickly Saltwort 5 Limonium bellidifolium Matted Sea-Lavender 13 Limonium binervosum Rock Sea-Lavender agg. 4 Limonium binervosum agg. Rock Sea-Lavender agg. 7 Limonium binervosum subsp. anglicum Rock Sea-Lavender 9 Limonium humile Lax-Flowered Sea-Lavender 8 Limonium vulgare Common Sea-Lavender 23 Source: Norfolk Biodiversity Information Service Invasive Species Blakeney shingle has not