THE MOBILITY OF UNSKILLED And UNDOCUMENTED MIGRAnts: Indonesian Workers in the Netherlands | i All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distri­ buted, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. ii | The Mobility of Unskilled THE MOBILITY OF UNSKILLED And UNDOCUMENTED MIGRAnts: Indonesian Workers in the Netherlands Editor: Amin Mudzakkir LIPI Press | iii © 2014 Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Research Center for Regional Resources Cataloging­in­Publication Data The Mobility of Unskilled and Undocumented Migrants: Indonesian Workers in the Netherlands/Amin Mudzakkir (Ed.). – Jakarta: LIPI Press, 2014. xiv hlm. + 107 hlm.; 14,8 cm x 21 cm ISBN 978­979­799­781­6 1. Mobility 2. Migrants 331.544 Copy editor : Ruth Megi Panggabean Proofreader : Martinus Helmiawan Layouter : Rahma Hilma Taslima Desainer Sampul : Emil Hakim First Edition : September 2014 Published by: LIPI Press, anggota Ikapi Jln. Gondangdia Lama 39, Menteng, Jakarta 10350 Phone (021) 314 0228, 314 6942. Fax. (021) 314 4591 E­mail: [email protected] iv | The Mobility of Unskilled CONTENTS CONTENTS ..........................................................................................................v EDITORIAL NOTE.........................................................................................vii FOREWORD ........................................................................................................ix PREFACE ..............................................................................................................xi PROLOGUE .......................................................................................................xiii CHAPTER I EXPLORING UNSKILLED AND UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANT WORKERS ................................................................................1 Amin Mudzakkir A. Introduction ........................................................................................................1 B. Undocumented Problems and Opportunities in the Netherlands .........6 C. Literature Overview .........................................................................................8 Bibliography ...........................................................................................................11 CHAPTER II THE POLICY ON UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS IN THE NETHERLANDS ..............................................................................................13 Nur Aisyah Kotarumalos A. Introduction ......................................................................................................13 B. The Definition of Undocumented Migrants .............................................17 C. The Policy on Undocumented Migrants.....................................................20 D. The Implementation Practices of the Policies ..........................................23 E. Conclusion ........................................................................................................28 Bibliography ...........................................................................................................28 | v CHAPTER III INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE NETHERLANDS: Some Descriptions ......................................................31 Amin Mudzakkir A. Introduction ......................................................................................................31 B. Migration and Illegalization of Immigrants ...............................................33 C. Indonesia and the Netherlands Relations ...................................................39 D. Indonesian Migrant Workers Organizations ..............................................42 E. Dream Seekers: Some Stories .......................................................................48 F. Mosque as a Center of Community Life ....................................................56 G. Conclusion ........................................................................................................58 Bibliography ...........................................................................................................59 CHAPTER IV PORTRAIT AND CHARACTERISTIC OF INDONESIAN WOMEN WORKING IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR (UNSKILLED WORKERS)IN THE NETHERLANDS ....................63 Gusnelly A. Introduction ......................................................................................................63 B. Migrant Workers vs. The State .....................................................................66 C. International Organization of Migration and Undocumented Migrant ..............................................................................................................73 D. The Characteristics of Undocumented/Unskilled Migrant Workers ....77 E. Some Profiles of Indonesian Women Workers Working in the Unskilled Sectors in the Netherlands..........................................................80 F. Conclusion .........................................................................................................87 Bibliography ...........................................................................................................89 CHAPTER V CLOSING REMARKS: A THEORETICAL REFLECTION ON UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANT WORKERS ..................................91 Amin Mudzakkir A. Introduction ......................................................................................................91 B. The World Without Borders and Its Opponents .....................................92 C. Under the Shadow of Capital .......................................................................97 D. Conclusion: A Recommendation for the Indonesian Government ... 101 Bibliography ........................................................................................................ 103 EPILOGUE ....................................................................................................... 105 ABOUT THE WRITERS ............................................................................ 107 vi | The Mobility of Unskilled EDITORIAL NOTE s a scientific publisher, LIPI Press holds on high respon- sibility to enlighten society’s intelligence and awareness Athrough the provision of qualified publication. This scholarly edited book entitled The Mobility of Unskilled and Undocu- mented Migrants: Indonesian Workers in the Netherlands has encountered quality control mechanism through editorial process, including peer review and copy edit. This edited book comes up with an idea of paradoxical cases about the fate of Indonesian unskilled and undocumented migrant workers in Netherlands. As known, in Holland unskilled workers are perceived as a burden for welfare and system and social security, while undocumented ones are labeled as criminals. However, their presence is still needed by the indigenous community. This inevita- bly creates a regional polemic between the two nations. We surely hope this edited book could give new insights and information, especially about the reasons of why the problematic cases of unskilled and undocumented Indonesian immigrant workers are still considered high in Netherlands. At practical level, we hope this book could give meaningful assistance for Indonesian Government through the embassy to capture more this dynamics of migration. Thus, the basic rights protection of migrant workers, especially the undocumented ones, could be more wisely noticed and overcome. | vii As a final note, we would like to deliver our heartfelt gratitude to everyone taking part in the process of this book. LIPI Press viii | The Mobility of Unskilled FOREWORD his book is intended to explain the Indonesian unskilled/ undocumented workers in the Netherlands. The topic Temerges as a part of the multi-years research of Indonesian peoples in the Netherlands. It is a second of five-year project we planned. The research for this book was primarily located in the Netherlands particularly in Amsterdam, Utrecht, The Hague and Leiden. We would like to thank to KITLV (Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land-en Volkenkunde, Royal Netherlands Institute of South East Asian and Caribbean Studies) in Leiden for always being of our counterpart that make this research possible. We also want to thank to Indonesian Embassy in The Hague. Thank you to all the informants who had given us valuable information and insight for this topic and also thank to IMWU (Indonesia Migrant Workers Union). Thank you also to our colleagues in PSDR-LIPI for their valuable help to bring this project to fruition. | ix We hope the book will contribute to the existing debate on migration and above all to expose the Indonesian unskilled/un- documented workers in the Netherlands which is neglected in academic and political realm. Director, Research Center for Regional Resources Indonesian Institute of Sciences Drs. Dundin Zaenuddin, M.A x | The Mobility of Unskilled PREFACE his book is intended to explain The Mobility of Unskilled and Undocumented Migrants: Indonesian Workers in the TNetherlands. The book’s topic emerges as a continuation project under the topic of migration in the Netherlands that has been carried out for more than five years in the Research Center for Regional Resources, Indonesia Institute of Sciences. This study was primarily located in the Netherlands, particularly in Amsterdam, Rotterdam,