CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Human life changes everyday to be more developed and smarter at certain time. Knowledge used by human to express their idea and their thought. There are many ways to human enrich their knownledge. Two of them are writing and reading works of literature. In nowdays talking about work of literature are related to poem, novel and drama. Literary work helps human to grow their personality and intellectuality. Wallek and Waren (1959:96) state that literature looks like a real life potrait. It is an illustration of human lives because literary works present the reality of human condition, problems, feelings, and relationship. So human can find many lesson, experience, stories, or anything that enrich their knowledge. Literature is imaginative and creative writing which has some certain qualities, and represents human experience in social reality (Wellek & Warren, 1959:94). Literary works are part of literature, which is very interesting to read because it give reader a pleasure. Literary works also give a deep knowledge about dreams, human life, some lesson of life and real social condition that happen in society. The reader of literary work may learn about what kind of human behavior and value exist in the certain society in real life. According to Wellek & Warren (1959: 102), literary work can play a role as a historical document that recorded social realities, which are artistically portrayed by the author. Wallek & Warren stated that literature must stand in reconizable relation to life in such way in every case selection from life. It means that literature must indeed be true for life. But it seems impossible especially for those who believe that literature is an imaginative, fictional piece of work by the author. Maybe it can be concern ourselve, deal with something real and factual. Therefore, the readers should make a judgment to literary works, particulary for those who agree that it is considered as true life. 1 2 Hudson (1958:94) said that literature represents life and life is in large measure, a social reality, eventhough the natural word and the inner objective of the individual have also been objects of literary imitation. In other words, literature is an expression of human life or expression of the life itself. Therefore, though reading novel, we can find some values of human life by revealing its content. The Shack is 2007’s novel which tell about Mackenzie Allen Philips. Mack is the first main characters. Mack was born somewhere in the Midwest. He is the son of a farmer in the Irish-American family that is committed to a rigid rule. Mack's father was a church elder who looks pious but he was an alcoholic who always beat his wife when drunk. Mack was angry and decided to kill his father, Mack beated up by his father untill he can not wake up. Two weeks later, after Mack was able to walk Mack finally decided to go out from home. But before that Mack put poison in his drink bottle and left a message for his mother that contained an apology and escape (The Shack,2007). Several years letter Mack had a little family with Nan. He had three childs named Josh, Katty and Missy. Someday he went to holiday and camping with her children in the campground forest. At that time, not only Mack family’s who were camping, but some families also camped in the same place. Soon, they were familiar with each other. They have fun together and play well together. At one time, they played together in the river. They play Kano. While playing Kano, suddenly the second of three Mack’s children nearly drowned. While, Missy busy with her coloring book and do not noticed all around her. Mack tried to save her son to the point of ignoring Missy. After Mack swim to save her son, he go back to the camp and found that Missy disappeared without a trace. All the families in the camp trying to help Mack to find Missy. But it wa too late. Missy was loose and being murded with someone(The Shack,2007). Four years after the accident Mack found the a note from “Papa” (his wife’s name for God’s) asking Mack to meet him at the shack where Mack has an encounter with the God. With all of his blaming questions, he is coming through to the shack. Some of deeper questions that Mack have about his life, faith, 3 Missy’s death and his own painful childhood abuse. Mack meet 3 part of God’s named : Elousia or papa as a god. Jesus as a children of god and Sarayu as a holy spirit. As Mack spends more time at the shack, his relationship with Papa and the others grows more intimate and real, Mack gradually learns to cope with Missy's loss(The Shack, 2007). Each of the characters is representative of some bigger idea, they are symbols of other ideas or religious figures. Jesus, for instance, is representative of the obvious Christ-like qualities, values, and words. "Papa," otherwise known as Elouisa, seems to be Mack's guiding voice, much like the sagacious voice of God himself. Sarayu, the gardener, teaches Mack to tend his life much the same way one would tend a garden with care and nurturing. Three trinity of souls give Mack precious lesson to be a better life. Finally, with a big trust of God’s Mack soul was heal. He had a lot of experience when he lived there and it changes Mack to be a better person(The Shack, 2007). The Shack is a novel by Canadian author William P. Young that was published in 2007. The novel was self-published but became a USA Today bestseller, having sold 1 million copies as of June 8, 2008. It was the No. 1 paperback trade fiction seller on The New York Times Best Seller list from June 2008 to early 2010, in a publishing partnership with Hachette Book Group USA's Faith Words imprint. In 2009 it was awarded the "Diamond Award" for sales of over 10 million copies by the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association and has been translated into 30 different languages. the Shack novel was adapted into the movie. A movie adaptation of The Shack, directed by Stuart Hazeldine, was released on March 3, 2017, with Sam Worthington portraying Mack, Octavia Spencer as Papa, and Tim McGraw as Willie. (http://windblownmedia.com/news-releases/56-the-shackcontinues-at-1-on-the- ny-times-best-seller-list.html) There are several reason why the researcher interested to analyze this novel’s. First because this novel is the reflection of human life, which is had some content of the realties and imagination of the author. Because the author mind and imaginations are result of the author’s respon towards the social reality 4 where he or she lives. Second, this novel had amazing character especially Mack and three trinity of God’s. Third, this novel is so understood enough with easy gramatical word and structure. For this reason the researcher conduct this research entitled WILLIAM PAUL YOUNG’S WORLD VIEW IN THE SHACK NOVEL (2007) : A GENETIC STRUCTURALISM APPROACH. B. Problems Statement The problem of the study is “What is William Paul Young’s worldview reflected in his novel The Shack?” C. Literary Review Having checked and observed about the study of The Shack novel by William Paul Young, the writer finds there is no research that has been conducted in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta to study William Paul Young’s The Shack by using Genetic structuralism approach. However, during the observation, the researcher found another study of The Shack novel by William Paul Young. This study done by Desi Ratna Sari in 2015 entitled The Nature of Happiness Reflected in The Shack Novel by William P.Young (2007) with a psychology of religion approach. This research was analyzed about the trully happiness related to the story that reflected in the people real life by doing something good to seek God’s love and his blessing. The researcher found there was a relation between the religion and the happiness. Now the researcher want to use theory of Genetic Structuralism to analyze the world view of William Paul Young that reflected in The Shack novel. D. Limitation of the Study The study focused on William Paul Young’s world view as reflected in The Shack by using Genetic Structuralism Approach. E. Objective of the Study The objective of the study are as follows: 1. To describe the structural elements of the novels. 5 2. To analyze the novel by means of sociological prespective particulary Genetic Structuralism approach to find the world view of William Paul Young. F. Significant of the Study The researcher hoped this research of study on The Shack novel by William Paul Young (2007) had more benefits for students. The benefits of this study divided into : 1. Theoretical Benefit The result of this study is expected to give some information and contribution for developing students knowledge in literary study, especially in The Shack novel. 2. Practical Benefits The study is expected to enrich knowledge and experience of the researcher and other University students who have interest in literary study on the novel of Genetic Structuralism theory. G. Reseach Method 1. Object of the Study Object of study in this research is The Shack novel by William Paul Young that was published by Windblown Media at 2007. 2. Type of the Data and the Data Source a. Primary source The primary data are taken from The Shack novel.