The Chicago Manual of Style Online Citation Quick Guide Online February 20, 2020 Compiled and edited by [email protected] from https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org Contents 14 Notes and Bibliography 13 14.1 The purpose of source citations . 13 14.2 Chicago’s two systems of source citation . 13 14.3 Other systems of source citation . 14 14.4 Flexibility and consistency . 14 14.5 Citation management tools . 14 14.6 Electronic resource identifiers . 15 14.7 Uniform resource locators (URLs) . 16 14.8 Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) . 16 14.9 Permalinks and the like . 17 14.10 Short forms for URLs . 17 14.11 Library and other bibliographic databases . 18 14.12 Access dates . 18 14.13 “Last modified” and other revision dates . 19 14.14 Authority and permanence . 19 14.15 Preserving a permanent record . 19 14.16 Publications available in more than one medium . 20 14.17 URLs and other such elements in relation to surrounding text . 20 14.18 URLs and line breaks . 20 14.19 Notes and bibliography–an overview . 21 14.20 Basic structure of a note . 22 14.21 Basic structure of a bibliography entry . 22 14.22 Page numbers and other locators . 23 14.23 Notes and bibliography–examples and variations . 23 14.24 Numbers in text versus numbers in notes . 26 14.25 Sequencing of note numbers and symbols . 26 14.26 Placement of note number . 27 14.27 Note numbers with chapter and article titles and subheads . 27 14.28 Multiple citations and multiple note references . 28 14.29 When to use shortened citations . 28 3 4 CONTENTS 14.30 Basic structure of the short form . 28 14.31 Cross-reference to full citation . 29 14.32 Short form for authors’ names . 29 14.33 Short form for titles of works . 30 14.34 Shortened citations versus “ibid” . 30 14.35 “Idem” . 31 14.36 “Op. cit.” and “loc. cit.” . 31 14.37 Citations plus commentary in a note . 32 14.38 Quotation within a note . 32 14.39 Substantive notes . 32 14.40 Paragraphing within long notes . 33 14.41 Footnotes that break across pages in a printed work . 33 14.42 “See” and “cf.” . 33 14.43 Footnotes and endnotes–an overview . 33 14.44 Footnotes–pros and cons . 35 14.45 Endnotes–pros and cons . 35 14.46 Endnote placement . 35 14.47 Running heads for endnotes . 36 14.48 Special considerations for endnotes . 36 14.49 Endnotes plus footnotes . 39 14.50 Footnotes plus author-date citations . 39 14.51 Editor’s or translator’s notes plus author’s notes . 39 14.52 Unnumbered notes . 41 14.53 Notes keyed to text by line or page numbers . 41 14.54 Source notes for previously published material . 41 14.55 Biographical notes and acknowledgments . 44 14.56 Avoiding overlong notes . 45 14.57 Several citations in one note . 45 14.58 Citing sources in the text rather than in the notes . 46 14.59 Abbreviations for frequently cited works . 46 14.60 List of abbreviations . 47 14.61 Relationship of bibliographies to notes . 48 14.62 Format and placement of bibliography . 48 14.63 Dividing a bibliography into sections . 48 14.64 Kinds of bibliographies . 51 14.65 Alphabetical order for bibliography entries . 54 14.66 Arrangement of bibliography entries with more than one author . 54 14.67 The 3-em dash in bibliographies–some caveats . 54 14.68 The 3-em dash for one repeated name . 55 14.69 The 3-em dash for more than one repeated name . 55 CONTENTS 5 14.70 The 3-em dash for an institutional name . 56 14.71 Alphabetical order for titles by the same author . 56 14.72 Author’s name–overview and related discussions . 57 14.73 Form of author’s name . 57 14.74 Authors preferring initials . 57 14.75 One author . 58 14.76 Two or more authors (or editors) . 58 14.77 Two or more authors (or editors) with same family name . 59 14.78 Author’s name in title . 59 14.79 No listed author (anonymous works) . 60 14.80 Pseudonyms . 61 14.81 Cross-references for pseudonyms . 62 14.82 Alternative real names . 63 14.83 Authors known by a given name . 63 14.84 Organization as author . 63 14.85 Additional discussion of titles . 64 14.86 Italics versus quotation marks for titles of cited works . 64 14.87 Capitalization of titles of cited works . 64 14.88 Some permissible changes to titles of cited works . 65 14.89 Subtitles in cited works and the use of the colon . 65 14.90 Two subtitles in a cited work . 65 14.91 Use of “or” with double titles . 66 14.92 “And other stories” and such . 66 14.93 Dates in titles of cited works . 67 14.94 Quoted titles and other terms within cited titles of works . 67 14.95 Italicized titles and other terms within cited titles of works . 68 14.96 Question marks or exclamation points in titles of cited works . 69 14.97 Older titles and very long titles . 70 14.98 Non-English titles of cited works . 70 14.99 Translated titles of cited works . 71 14.100 Elements to include when citing a book . 72 14.101 Form of author’s name and title of book in source citations . 73 14.102 Non-English bibliographic terms and abbreviations . 73 14.103 Editor in place of author . 73 14.104 Editor or translator in addition to author . 74 14.105 Other contributors listed on the title page . 75 14.106 Chapter in a single-author book . 76 14.107 Contribution to a multiauthor book . 77 14.108 Several contributions to the same multiauthor book . 77 14.109 Book-length work within a book . 78 6 CONTENTS 14.110 Introductions, prefaces, afterwords, and the like . 78 14.111 Letters in published collections . 78 14.112 Online-only supplement to a book . 79 14.113 Editions other than the first . 79 14.114 Reprint editions and modern editions . 80 14.115 Microform editions . 81 14.116 Volume numbers and page numbers . 81 14.117 Citing a multivolume work as a whole . 82 14.118 Citing a particular volume in a note . 82 14.119 Citing a particular volume in a bibliography . 83 14.120 Chapters and other parts of individual volumes . 83 14.121 One volume in two or more books . 84 14.122 Authors and editors of multivolume works . 84 14.123 Series titles, numbers, and editors . 85 14.124 Series or multivolume work? . 86 14.125 Multivolume work within a series . 86 14.126 “Old series” and “new series” . 87 14.127 Place, publisher, and date . ..