DOCUMENT RESUME ED 132 064 SO 009 564 AUTHOR ' Arch-Mt Angus, Ed. TITLE' Scanning Our Futnre. A Report from the NGO Forum on the World Economic Orde,in Support of the SeVenth Special Session of the UN General Assembly on Developmnt,and Aternational Economic Cooperation ; (September 1-12, 1975). INSTITUTION United Nations Non-Governmental Organizations, New. York, N.Y. SPONS AGENCY Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Ney York, N.Y. PUB DATE Feb 76 NOTE 233p. , AVAILABLE FROMCarnegie Endowment for International Peace, 345 East 46 Street, New York, New York 10017 (33.50 softbound, 10 or more 'S3.0C each, 50 or more T2.50 each) EDRS pRICE MF-$0.83 Plus Postage. MC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Conference Reports; Developing Nations; Economic Climate; *Economic Development; Edonomic Disadvantagement; Economic Progress; Economics; Environment; Exports; Financial Probl ms; 'Food; *Futures (of Society); *Global Approa Industrialization; *Internation'al Organzations; Populatkon Growth; Technology; Values; Wrld Affairs; *World Problems IDENTIFIERS "United Nations NOn4Overnmental Organizations ABSTRACT ThiS repOrt of the Seventh Special Session at ,the Conference of Non-Governmental OrganizationS (NG0s) presents an account of the Forum on World Economic Order. Itepurpose iS to gain p0lic awaieness of ithe issues debated. Thecore of this report is the unique exchange of Over 50 opinions.which provide a compendium of ideas alpd judgments in the field of economic and social development and international cooperation. Issues discussed in tlie*Forum'were (1) human values,in the eqonomic order,(2) trade and commodity problems, (3) finance and monetary.prOblems, (4) science and technology, (5) employment and industrialization, (.5) food.aed marine resources, '(7) inteenal development strategies,(8) global'structures, and (9) shaping the fiture. For'each issue, the report contains summaries of the experiences ana wisdomof the participants, notes on the . background of each iisue, action taken.by'the Special Sessioni and information on where the ispes Will be debated next. General concerns expressed by participants fotused on how to deal with the poorest sectors of the Aeveloping world and wif,h future problems of population and environment. In cOnclusion,*the report pyovidesa discussion of the wtood of the Special Session, review of NGO action and their future role, calendar of events, Pesolution of the Special Session, a bibliography, and a list of abbreviations and terms. : (ND) 4t, *a, Documents acquired by ERIC include many Informal unpublished, miterialynot available from other sources. ERIC makes' every effort tO obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless; items of marginal reproducibility, are often enCountered and this affects the,: quality of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes iv ble via.the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDR,S).: EDRS is not responsible for the quality of the original docitment. Rep Octions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original,. A USoc RAR sr."( 1.401r L 1r 6-1 F OA 1' i0 / 0.1EtANC 14.7.rOlVAL 1145,V I TuTt. OF 1.A.41.1:a Ai -SharpiC95 COuCZT/014 I I I1 . -`4. %PON% I .s..; . F PWF 1111 - %; T .F OA A report from the NGO Forum.. on the World Econotilic Order, - organized in support, / of the Sev,,enth Special Session- of the 'United- Nations General Assembly on Development 5 -apd International Fe.onomic Cooperatipn - / \ SEP 98" ;976 SCAN&ING:OUji,FUTURE t, , A. ,rePort 'from the. NGO Forum On ;the. World EConornic Ordei. .1,11 support of the Seventh Specigl Session of-Ahe U/N'y General As- ,dsembly 6n Development alukInternational Ecthiomic .Co-Operation ,!.(September 1-12, 1975)" The Forum was organized for the Conference of NGOs in Consul, tative Status with the UN ECOSQC , . PresiAnt: Rosalind HarriS N by the Committee on the'Special, Session Chairman: Arthur*Goldschmidt Ferumfo-ordinator: Willem P. J. Boichel Report Editbi:Angus Archer . Copies available 'from:Carnegie Endowment Far International, Peace, nth Floor, 345 East 46-Street, New York, NY 10017 4.) tp 1'44,'leqlo r 43_'e'do;fr. 0°4'cle. qr. ltePiSs TABLE OF CONTTS ' PREFACE vii' I. INTRODUCTION 1 The Role-of NGOs 1 _Background of the Special Se-ssio 4 Gabriel Vgn Laethem i ' Philippe fie Seynes 7 Muchkund/Dubey 10 /The Forum and the Spec iáljSéssi&t 15 II. HUMAN VALUES IN TH ECONOMI,q ORDER 19 Intioduction . / 19 The Forum 20 /Peter Henriot (Chai 20 Mochtar Lubis 21 Isaac Asimov 22 George Picht 24 Julia Hender.o 26 APpiah Path rajah 27 /.1-, Questions andiscussion 28 / Action of thepecial Session and Next Stepsv 36 / Iii. TRADE AN COMMODITY PROBLEMS 33 Introductioiy 33 Briefing 35 Gamari..Corea (with questions ..Ind discu&ien), 35 The Iro - 42 Ouy Erb (Chairmari) '42 lier" ard'Chidzere- 45' erto Go zles 47 A olfo gom o 48 EdwartliFried , 49 Qnestions and Discussion 52 Action of the Spritial Session 52Tt Next Steps 53. FINANCE AND MONETARY PROBLEMS 57 IntrOduction 57 Briefing 60 Jan-Maaflen Zegers 60 The Vorum Irving S. Friedman (Chairman) 62 ChaOes Woodward sk 64 Julian Grenfell 66 1. G. Patel . 67 ___. A. Ramirez-OCampo 68 QuteStions and Discus5ion---.- 69 Action of the Skeial Session .71 ,Next Steps \ 72 V. SCIENCE ANp TECHNOLOGY 73 Introduction 73 Briefing" 75 Klaus:Heinriph Standke . 75 Jhe Forum 81 Alexander King (Chairrnan) 81 Lord Ritchie-Calder 82 Marcelo Alonzo 83 Nazli Choucri 84 Mark Thompson .- 85 41ok K. Chakraborti 86 Questions and Discussion 87 Action of the Special Session 90 Next Steps ,91 ' - VI. EMPLOYMENT AND INDUSTRIALIZATION 93 ' Introduction 93 .The Forum 95 Hans Singer (Chairman) 95 Appiah Pathmanajah Nadia H. Yolissef 98 Jose Antonio Garcii-Belaunde 102 Donald Guertin 104 Esteban E. Torres - 105 estionsand Discussion 106 Aco at the Special Session (_ Next Steps 108 VII. FOOD AND MARINE RESOURCES 1.11 A. MARINE RESOURCES . '111 Introduction 111 iv The Forum, 111 -Elisabeth Mann Borgese 61. 111 Action of the Special Session and Next Steps 114 . FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 115 Introduction 115 The Forum 115 Edwin Martin (Chairman) 116 , Lester Brown 118 .-Sartaaj Aziz . 119 Questions and Discussion ;1 123 Action of the Special Session 124 Next Steps 125 VIII. INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 127 Introduction 127 The Forum 127 Ismael. Sabri Abdallah (Chairman) 128' Enrique Iglesias 129 Fawzi Mansour 131 Lea Orleans, 132 Ifiga Thorsson 134 Paul Bomani 136 .Questions and Discussion 137 Mtion ot the Special Session 1.38 Next Steps 139 IX: GLOBAL STRUCTURES 141 ,Introduction 7141 Briefing 42 Uner Kirdar 142. Forum 145 Neville Kanakaratne (Cliairmarkl 145, Al NObr Kassurn 1,47. James Grant- . 48 ' &than Kanfinann 150 - Donald Mills 151 Ric ardGardner 152 . Ques ions and Discussion. 154 Acti n of the Speial Sesison 156 Ne t Steps 1 156 X; S APING THE FUTURE troduction 159 he Forum 169 Mihajlo Mesoroi;icI. (Chairman) 160 v/. / : . Harlan Cleveland 161 Marc Nerfin Mahbub Ul Hag. _--- 163 -; Richard Gardner ___.--- 164 Inge Thorsson -----': 165 - Saul Mendlovitz 166 Questionsond Discussion 168 Next Stops 169 XL THE MOOD OF THE SPECIAL SESSION 171 Introduction 0 171 Contributions of 171 Sidney Weintraub 173 Arie.Van der Hek 174 Donald Mills 177 Philippe de Seynos 181 Ivor Richard 182 ..i. Barbara White 183 gereydoun Hoveyda 184 Vladimir Cherodnik 185 XII. NGOs WHAT NEXT? Jr- 189 Review of NGO Action st the Special Session 189 Future Events .."-^ 193 The,Role of NGOs . 197 APPEN/DiCES'. -. I 201 (i) Calendar of Events 'S : '' 201 (ii) Resolution of the Special Session 204 r (SVH-3362) (iii) Bibliography .. 219 (iv) List of Abbreviations hiald Terms 224 0 vi PREFACE ..It is, rare thati.the international community .hasan opportu- nity to participate in one of.history's turni.ng pointS, TheSe'venth Special ,Session of ihe*General Assembly devoted to development and international economic coOperation May have been suchan .opportunity. It did not create "instant Utopia," but if the general goals agreed on there serve to stimulate geniiirre reforth inthe1, months ahead,, it will be seen .as pxogress toward a more equitable. world economit_order. Ltsprincipal effeet was the spirit cf couper-' aticin that it has releasedthe "dramatic turnaround . froth t :cendiary rhetoric and confrontation to reality andgenuine nekoti- ation." Its fourteen 'days of harri`bargaining through negroliating groups resulted in an unanimously adopted resolution. that- adress- es some of the major issues confronting the world. As Minister . Pronk of the- Netherlands said at /he conclusion of the negotia- tion: . , '... we have spoken with each other rather than to, each other. Duringthe la4t, two A,seeks..a genuine dialogue between diveloped and cleveloping---toakitries took place. A spirit of conciliationhas pervaded the-discussions and negotiations.. :Governmenmboth from developing and developed councries, have shown theirpre- - paredness to start anew and have come..forward withnew :Ind imaginative proposals for the Improvement of", the economicor- der'.. Thus the. process of establ ishi ng a new international 'economic order moves forward .not in a spirit of confrontation but in a spirit of awaieness of a camaion interest in cooperation. This is the message which This Special 8ession will passon to the fu- ture," 1.. vfiv 9 The resolotiâns of the General Assemblyare advisory and no* binding on governments. An essential corollary, of special.rele- vance to the issues agreed arthe Seventh SpecialSession. is that vlement;of the-Resolution thatwas passed: to become a bind- ing commitment. must lw actedupon either in other multilateral bpdies or within each gizverinnent. and generallyat both kkels. ,Thse issues. moreover. affect mostsectors of the economies of 'member states and involvemany departments and manstries of their goNernments, h is therefore,a fornialable task tti mobilize the taipportpublic".. opition or governmenla agreementfo achieve tlie "political win- necessary to take!actron on the rec ornmendations of the Seventh Sncial SessionThis isa .challeng.