E1465 VOL. 2 WATER & ENVIRONMENT SATLUJ JAL VIDYUT NIGAM LIMITED Public Disclosure Authorized CUMMULATIVE AND INDUCED IMPACT ASSESSMENT RAMPUR HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT (RHEP) Public Disclosure Authorized Di FINA REOR Public Disclosure Authorized *- -,.-,- , FINAL REPORT DHI (India) Water & Environment SEPTEMBER 2006 Public Disclosure Authorized I CUMMULATIVE AND INDUCED IMPACT K-71, First Floor ASSESSMENT Hauz Khas tnclave New Delhi 11 0016, India Tel: +91 11 2652 0425 FINAL REPORT Fax: +91 1126602276 September 2006 e-mail: [email protected] Web: www.dhi.dk Client Client's representative Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd. Mr S. K. Sharma, SM (Quality Control/ER&R) Project Project No Cummulative and Induced Impact Assessment P3050220 (A) Authors Date Vimal Garg Sept 2006 Sonia Gujral Approved by Nidhi Sharma Poorva Gupta Ajay Pradhan SGU/NSA VGA AJP SEPT-06 Final Report Revi Description By Check Appro Date sion ed ved Key words Classification Hydroelectric Project F: Open Landuse River Profile F] Intemal Aquatic Ecology Socio-Economy Z Proprietary Cumulative impacts Distribution No of copies By: DHI, India I I TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................. 1-1 1.1 Power scenario and Need for the Study ......................................... 1-4 1.2 Objectives of the study ............................................. 1-5 1.3 Scope and Methodology adopted for the Study ........................... 1-6 1.3.1 Project Initiation .................................................. 1-7 1.3.2 Baseline Data Generation through Secondary Sources ...................... 1-8 1.3.3 Impact Analysis and Assessment ..................................... 1-8 1.3.4 Summary Recommendations ........................................ 1-9 1.4 Structure of the Report ............................................ 1-10 2 BASELINE SETUP OF THE AREA .................................... 2-1 2.1 River System of Himachal Pradesh ......................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Indus River System .............................................. 2-1 2.1.2 Ganga River System .............................................. 2-2 2.1.3 Satluj River in Himachal Pradesh ..................................... 2-2 2.2 Hydro Power Potential in Himachal Pradesh ......................................... 2-5 2.3 Project Area .................................................... 2-6 2.4 Key features of various Hydro power Schemes on the river Satluj in Himachal Pradesh ................................................ ....... 2-7 3 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK .................................................. 3-1 3.1 Policy, Regulatory and Institutional structure ............................. 3-1 3.1.1 Constitutional Provisions ........................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Policy Framework .................................. ;.......... 3-2 3.1.3 Regulatory Framework ........................................ 3-7 3.1.4 Staged Environmental Clearance process ............................... 3-8 4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE SETUP ............. 4-1 4.1 Entire Satluj Basin ................................................ 4-1 4.1.1 Characteristics of the Catchment Area ................................. 4-1 4.1.2 Forest Cover in Entire Satluj Basin .................................... 4-7 4.1.3 Wildlife in Entire Satluj Basin ........................................ 4-9 4.1.4 Geology and Rock structure of Satluj Basin .............................. 4-9 4.1.5 Seismicity in the area .................................................. 4-10 4.1.6 Climate change ................................................. 4-13 4.1.7 Other Weather Events ............................................ 4-15 4.2 Indian Part of Satluj Basin ......................................... 4-23 4.2.1 Catchment and Drainage pattern .................................................. 4-23 4.2.2 Meteorology ................................................... 4-29 4.2.3 Soil Quality in the basin ........................................... 4-31 4.2.4 Sedimentation Aspects ........................................... 4-32 4.2.5 Ecological Resources of the region ................................... 4-37 4.2.6 Protected Areas ................................................. 4-62 4.2.7 Landuse ...................................................... 4-66 4.2.8 Socio-Economic Indicators .................................................. 4-69 4.3 Influence Area of NJHEP and RHEP .................................. 4-71 4.3.1 Demographic Profile ............................................. 4-71 P3050220 (C)Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) - 09/2006 DHI Water & Environment 4.3.2 Land Use ............................................. 4-72 4.3.3 Water Source, Usage and Quality .......................... ....... 4-76 4.3.4 Occupational Profile ............................................ 4-80 4.3.5 Economic Activities .............................................. 4-85 4.3.6 Infrastructure Accessibility ..................................... 4-88 4.3.7 Health Profile .................................................. 4-88 4.3.8 Archaeological Structures ......................................... 4-91 4.3.9 Development Scenario in the State .......................... ....... 4-91 5 DATA ANALYSIS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT .......................... 5-1 5.1 Environmental impacts ............................................ 5-1 5.1.1 Change in hydraulic regime ......................................... 5-1 5.1.2 Impact on Water Availability and Quality ................................ 5-6 5.1.3 Ecological Impacts ............................................... 5-8 5.1.4 Impacts on Soil Erosion and Muck Disposal ............................ 5-15 5.1.5 Impact of Blasting on Agricultural & Horticultural Yield ..................... 5-19 5.1.6 Impacts on Disasters ............................................. 5-21 5.1.7 Extreme events and Climate Change risks ............................. 5-24 5.2 Socio-Economic Impacts .......................................... 5-25 5.2.1 Employment benefits ............................................. 5-24 5.2.2 Accessibility to Basic Infrastructure ................................... 5-28 5.2.3 Power Generation and Transmission Benefits ........................... 5-31 5.2.4 Social and ReseUtlement Impacts .................................... 5-34 5.2.5 Human Health Risks ............................................. 5-44 5.2.6 Cultural Heritage loss ............................................ 5-46 6 SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS .................................. 6-1 6.1 Involvement of all relevant government agencies and their roles and responsibilities 6-4 6.2 Institutional Issues .................................. ........ 6-12 6.3 Business solutions for Effective Management ............................ 6-13 6.4 Water Management in Satluj river Basin for managing the use of water for irrigation, human consumption etc ............................................ 6-14 6.5 Interventions for reducing the impacts of flood ............................ 6-19 6.6 Specific Recommendations for managing environmental and social issues ........ 6-22 6.7 Various trade offs involved in Hydropower projects vis.a-vis Decision making ...... 6-24 P3050220 (C) Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) - 09/2006 DHI Water & Environment LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Indus River System Table 2.2 Hydropower potential in various River Basins of Himachal Pradesh Table 2.3 Hydropower potential of Satluj Basin in Himachal Pradesh Table 2.4 Salient Features of key Hydro-Electric projects Table 4.1 Tributaries joining Satluj River in the area Table 4.2 Major Forest Types Recorded in Himachal Pradesh Table 4.3 Seismo-tectonic features Table 4.4Stratigraphic sequence of rocks on the Project area Table 4.5 Major Earthquakes in Himachal Pradesh Table 4.6 Major Earthquakes within 200 km from the Project Site with magnitude of 6 and above in Richter scale Table 4.7: Flow data for tributaries of River Satluj between Nathpa-Jhakri-Bael Table 4.8: Historical monthly Rainfall (in mm) Data for Rampur Table 4.9 Temperature Data at Rampur Station Table 4.10 Temperature data at Luhri Table 4.11 Analysis of soil samples at various locations near of Nathpa-Jhakri area Table 4.12 Grain size of suspended sediments at different upstream locations Table 4.13 Major Forest Types of Satluj Basin Table 4.14 The List of Fauna Reported from Satluj Basin Table 4.15 List of Protected Forests under the Study Area Table 4.16 Flora Recorded Under The Rampur Project Influence Area (7km) Table 4.17 Floral Species in Satluj along Jhakri-Rampur-Bael stretch Table 4.18 Faunal Species in Satluj between Nathpa-Jhakri River Stretch Table 4.19 Faunal Species in Satluj along Jhakri-Rampur-Bael stretch Table 4.20 Fish Species reported historically by the Fisheries Department in the upper reaches of Satluj River Table 4.21 Production of trout seed at Sangla farm and their transplanting in Satluj river system Table 4.22Angling pressure, licensing fee and amount of revenue earned Table4.23 National Parks/Wild Life Sanctuaries in the Catchment Area Table4.24 Flora and Fauna in Pin Valley National Park Table 4.25Flora and Fauna in Great Himalayan National Park Table 4.26Landuse Classification of the area Table 4.27General Socio-Economic Profile of the Entire River Basin Table 4.28 Demographic Profile of the NJHEP Influence area Table 4.29 Demographic Profile of the RHEP Influence area Table 4.30 Population Sex Ratio in RHEP area Table 4.31 Land use pattern