Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Artvin Coruh University Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Journal of Forestry Faculty ISSN:2146-1880, e-ISSN: 2146-698X ISSN:2146-1880, e-ISSN: 2146-698X Yıl: 2018, Cilt: 19, Sayı:1, Sayfa: 35-38 Year: 2018, Vol: 19, Issue: 1, Pages: 35-38 ofd.artvin.edu.tr Two new naturalized species of the genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae) from Turkey Türkiye Cyperus (Cyperaceae) cinsine iki yeni kayıt Handan ŞAPCI1, Cem VURAL2 1Çukurova University, Vocational School of Aladağ, Forestry Department, Adana, Turkey 2Erciyes University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Kayseri, Turkey Eser Bilgisi / Article Info Abstract Araştırma makalesi / Research article Cyperus eragrostis and C. microiria were recorded for the first time from Turkey in this study. DOI: 10.17474/artvinofd.333093 Descriptions of the taxa were improved. Morphological characteristics of these species were investigated. Geographical distributions and IUCN threat categories of these species were reported. Sorumlu yazar / Corresponding author Handan ŞAPCI e-mail: [email protected] Özet Cyperus eragrostis ve C. microiria türleri Türkiye’den ilk kez bu çalışmada kayıt edilmiş. Türlere ait ORCID: 0000-0001-8150-0450 morfolojik karakterler araştırılarak taksonların tür tanımları geliştirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda türlerin Geliş tarihi / Received coğrafik yayılışları ve IUCN tehlike kategorileri de bu çalışma kapsamında verilmiştir. 07.08.2017 Düzeltme tarihi / Received in revised form 19.12.2017 Elektronik erişim / Online available 15.02.2018 Keywords: Biodiversity Cyperacea Cyperus Turkey New records Anahtar kelimeler: Biyoçeşitlilik Cyperaceae Cyperus Türkiye Yeni kayıt INTRODUCTION been confirmed presence in our country. Also, these species were investigated by evaluating morphological, Cyperaceae with 104 genera and 5000 species is the third and contributed to descriptions of these species. largest family among the magnoliophyta (after Orchidaceae and Poaceae) in the world (Goetghebeur MATERIAL AND METHODS 1998; Lunkai et al. 2000; Ball et al. 2002). The genus Cyperus L., which is the second biggest genus of the Specimens were collected during project by Erciyes Cyperaceae family, has approximately 600 species on University Research Fund (FDK-20134695 and deposited Earth (Kükenthal 1936). In Turkey, it has 21 species in the Erciyes University Herbarium (ERCH). according to the records of Flora of Turkey written by Morphological specimens were examined under stereo Davis and Oteng-Yeboah (1985). Finally, 21 taxa microscope. belonging to tge genus Cyperus were reported in Checklist RESULTS of the Flara of Turkey (Güner 2012). The number of taxa belonging to the genus Cyperus in our country increased New Records for Turkey to 13 by two taxa additions made by Byfield (2000). In this Cyperus eragrostis Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Bot 1:146. study, C. eragrostis and C. microiria which have not 1791. Figure 1. spread in Turkey according to the literature records have 35 | H. Şapçı, C. Vural / AÇÜ Orman Fak Derg 19(1):35-38 (2018) Two new naturalized species of the genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae) from Turkey = Cyperus vegetus var. obtusangulus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 334 (1898). = Cyperus vegetus var. trigonus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 334 (1898). = Cyperus vegetus var. limbata C.B.Clarke, Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 68: 12 (1901). = Cyperus declinatus var. limbatus Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 5: 311 (1919). = Cyperus eragrostis f. rubromarginatus Kük., Acta Horti Gothob. 5: 33, 107 (1929 publ. 1930). = Cyperus eragrostis var. compactus (Desv.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 20(101): 179 (1936). = Cyperus eragrostis f. latifrons Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 20(101): 179 (1936). = Cyperus eragrostis f. tener Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 20(101): 179 (1936). Perennial. Rhizome short, 1.2-3 mm diameter, thick, Figure 1. Cyperus eragrostis hand drawing; A) Glume, B) Ovary, C) Spikelet, D) General appearance (Photo: N. ŞAPCI 2016). tubers absent. Stem 25-115 cm, trigonous, 2-4 mm diameter, glabrous, solitary. Leaves subbasal, linear, Type: Described from Tropical South America. acuminate, smooth, 2-10 mm broad, shorter than stems. Sheaths brown, up to 22 mm. Inflorescence simple or = Chlorocyperus eragrostis (Lam.) Rikli, Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. compound umbel of dense head. Rays 3-6, up to 15 cm. 27: 563 (1895). Bracts 5-11, similar to leaves. Spikelets 5-13 cm x 1-3 mm, = Cyperus declinatus Moench, Methodus: 317 (1794). lancealote, subacute, 8-12 flowered. Rhachilla not = Cyperus monandrus Roth, Catal. Bot. 1: 3 (1797). winged, inarticulated, smooth. Glumes 1-3 mm x 0.7-1.5 = Cyperus vegetus Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 283 (1797), nom. mm, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, straw or superfl. yellowish-red colored, a greenish centre. Stamen 1. = Cyperus ochrocephalus Steud., Flora 25: 601 (1842). Stigma 3. Nut trigon, 1.06 x 0.57 mm, greyish. = Cyperus prionotropis Steud., Flora 25: 601 (1842). 99 = Cyperus vegetus var. compactus Desv. in C.Gay, Fl. Chil. Phenology: Flowers and fruits from June to August. 7: 167 (1853). = Cyperus luzulae Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 25 Habitat: Swamp areas, rice fields, and moist places, (1854), nom. illeg. riverside. = Cyperus vegetus var. triangularis Boeckeler, Flora 42: 436 (1859). Conservation Status: Cyperus eragrostis is restricted to a = Cyperus gracilis Buchanan, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand few localities in Black Sea region in Turkey at altitudes of Inst. 3: 210 (1871), nom. illeg. 0-200 m. At the international level, this species is = Cyperus serrulatus S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: evaluated as Least Concern (LC) since it also grows in 382 (1882), nom. illeg. Germany, Austria, South East Asia, France, UK, Ireland, = Cyperus eragrostis var. spectabilis Makino, Bot. Mag. Spain, Sweden, Canary Islands, North and South America, (Tokyo) 6(60): 47 (1892), nom. nud. Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, New Zealand, Yugoslavia = Cyperus lutescens Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 93: 345 (IUCN, 2017). (1896), nom. illeg. 36 | H. Şapçı, C. Vural / AÇÜ Orman Fak Derg 19(1):35-38 (2018) Two new naturalized species of the genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae) from Turkey Examined specimens: Turkey, Samsun: Çarşamba, Yeşilırmak river side, 1.6 m, 41°12’245”K, 36°43’648”D, 25 viii 2014, HS1365, ERCH (Figure 2). Figure 2. Distribution of Cyperus microiria ( ) and C. eragrostis ( ) in Turkey. Cyperus microiria Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 23 (1854), Figure 3. Type: West Kentucky. Figure 3. Cyperus microiria hand drawing; A) Ovary, B) General = Cyperus parviflorus Nees in R.Wight, Contr. Bot. India: appearance, C) Spikelet, D) Glume (Photo: N. ŞAPCI 2016). 87 (1834), nom. illeg. Conservation Status: Cyperus microiria is restricted to a = Cyperus iria var. parviflorus Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 270 few localities in East Black Sea region in Turkey at (1856). altitudes of 0-100 m. At the international level, this = Cyperus textorii Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: species is evaluated as Least Concern (LC) since it also 141 (1866). grows in Italy, China, East Asia, North America (IUCN, = Cyperus amuricus var. textorii (Miq.) Kük., Sinensia 3(3): 2001). 80 (1933). Examined specimens: Turkey, Rize: Çayeli, Büyükdere = Cyperus iria var. rectangularis Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), under the bridge, 15 m, 41°04’948”K, 40°42’778”D, 27 viii Pflanzenr., IV, 20(101): 152 (1935). 2014, HS1390 (Figure 2). = Cyperus rectangularis (Kük.) Bennet, Indian Forester 95: 692 (1969). Key to the Turkish species of Cyperus 1. Stigmas 2 Annual. Rhizomes short, 1.2-3 mm broad, thick, tubers 2. Inflorescence compound umbel……….……………….………C. serotinus absent. Stems 20-60 cm, trigonous, 0.6-3 mm diameter, 2. Inflorescence capitate, terminal, lateral or pseudo-lateral 3. Stamen 1; Inflorescence capitate, terminal; nut trigon glabrous, solitary. Leaves sub basal, linear, acuminate, 4. Stem caespitose, creeping.………………………....…C. michelianus smooth, 1-6.2 mm broad, shorter than stems. Sheaths 4. Stem solitary, erect……………………………….………..…..C. noeanus brown, up to 22 mm. Inflorescence compound umbel. 3. Stamen 3; Inflorescence capitate, pseudo-lateral or lateral; nut Rays 4-11, up to 11 cm. Bracts 3-6, similar to leaves. lenticular Spikelets 6-10 cm x 1.3-2 mm, linear, acute, 18-30 5. Spikelets broadly lanceolate or ovate, obtuse; rhizomes very short………………………………………………………….……...………...C. pannonicus flowered. Rhachilla winged, inarticulated, smooth. 5. Spikelets oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute; rhizomes Glumes 1-2 mm x 0.9-1.8 mm, obovate, up to 0.3 mm, usually very long, apparently horizontal mucronate, yellowish-brown colored a greenish centre. creeping………………………………………………………………….………C. laevigatus Stamen 3. Stigma 3. Nut trigon, 1.27 x 0.63 mm, greyish. 1. Stigmas 3 6. Stem cylindrical…………………..………….………………..……...C. capitatus Phenology: Flowers and fruits from August to October. 6. Stem trigon 7. Rhachilla not winged; Stamens 1 or 2 8. Stamen 1; Perennial, Bracts 5-11 ………….…………C. eragrostis Habitat: Forest land, marshes, seaside, riverside. 8. Stamen 2; Annual, Bracts 2-4 37 | H. Şapçı, C. Vural / AÇÜ Orman Fak Derg 19(1):35-38 (2018) Two new naturalized species of the genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae) from Turkey 9. Glumes 0.5-0.8 mm, not mucronate; stem 20-75 cm East Asia, North America, China and Europe is the closest .........................................................................................…..C. difformis species to C. congestus Vahl and separated by using the 9. Glumes 0.9-1.3 mm, mucronate, up to 0.1 mucro; stem 2- differences in