Humanism and Calvinism For my parents Humanism and Calvinism Andrew Melville and the Universities of Scotland, 1560–1625 STEVEN J. REID University of Glasgow, UK First published 2011 by Ashgate Publishing Published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © Steven J. Reid 2011 Steven J. Reid has asserted his moral right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Reid, Steven J. Humanism and Calvinism : Andrew Melville and the universities of Scotland, 1560–1625. – (St Andrews studies in Reformation history) 1. Melville, Andrew, 1545–1622–Influence. 2. Universities and colleges – Scotland – History – 16th century. 3. Universities and colleges – Scotland – History – 17th century. 4. Church and college – Scotland – History – 16th century. 5. Church and college – Scotland – History – 17th century. 6. Reformation – Scotland. 7. Humanism – Scotland – History – 16th century. 8. Humanism – Scotland – History – 17th century. 9. University of St. Andrews – History. 10. Education, Higher – Europe – History. I. Title II. Series 378.4’11’09031–dc22 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reid, Steven J. Humanism and Calvinism : Andrew Melville and the universities of Scotland, 1560–1625 / Steven J. Reid. p. cm. — (St Andrews studies in Reformation history) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4094-0005-9 (hardcover : alk. paper) – 1. Universities and colleges— Scotland—History—16th century. 2. Universities and colleges—Scotland— History—17th century. 3. University of St. Andrews—History. 4. Melville, Andrew, 1545–1622. 5. Education, Higher—Scotland—History—16th century. 6. Education, Higher—Scotland—History—17th century. 7. Reformation—Scotland. 8. Scotland—Intellectual life—16th century. 9. Scotland—Intellectual life—17th century. I. Title. LA657.R45 2010 378.411’09031—dc22 2010041851 ISBN 9781409400059 (hbk) Contents List of Tables vii List of Figures ix Abbreviations and Conventions xi Acknowledgements xiii Introduction 1 1 Between Reformation and Reform: The Scottish Universities, 1560–1574 15 2 Humanism and Calvinism: Melville’s Education, 1545–74 49 3 The First Foray into Reform: Melville and the ‘Ancient’ Universities, 1574–84 77 4 Reform and Reaction at St Andrews, 1579–88 109 5 The Rise and Fall of ‘Melvillian’ St Andrews, 1588–97 145 6 The Rise of ‘the Moderates’ in St Andrews, 1597–1606 173 7 ‘Godly’ Humanism, Civic Control: Scotland’s Protestant Arts Colleges, 1582–c.1606 201 8 The Scottish Universities Post-Melville, c. 1606–25 233 Conclusion 267 Appendix: Student Matriculations and Graduations, 1559–1625 273 Bibliography 291 Index 311 This page intentionally left blank List of Tables 1 Recorded Matriculations in Arts at St Andrews, 1559–1625 277–8 2 Recorded Number of Graduates in Arts at St Andrews, 1563–1625 280–81 3 Recorded Number of Entrants to Divinity at St Andrews (Broken Down by College Where Known), 1582–1625 283–4 4 Recorded Number of Entrants to Arts at All Scottish Universities (Where Known), 1601–25 286 5 Recorded Number of Graduates in Arts at All Scottish Universities (Where Known), 1587–1625 288–9 This page intentionally left blank List of Figures 1 Recorded Matriculations in Arts at St Andrews, 1559–1625 279 2 Recorded Number of Graduates in Arts at St Andrews, 1563–1625 282 3 Recorded Number of Entrants to Divinity at St Andrews (Broken Down by College Where Known), 1582–1625 285 4 Recorded Number of Entrants to Arts at All Scottish Universities (Where Known), 1601–25 287 5 Recorded Number of Graduates in Arts at All Scottish Universities (Where Known), 1587–1625 290 This page intentionally left blank Abbreviations and Conventions Acta Acta Facultatis Artium Sancti Andreae, ed. A. I. Dunlop (single volume edn, Edinburgh, 1961) Acta Rectorum St Andrews University Library Special Collections, UYUY350 (3 vols). All references are to vol. 2 unless otherwise specified. Balcarres Papers National Library of Scotland, Advocate’s Manuscript 29.2 BUK Acts and Proceedings of the General Assemblies of the Kirk of Scotland from the year MDLX, ed. T. Thomson (3 vols, Maitland Club, 1839–45) Calderwood David Calderwood, The History of the Kirk of Scotland, ed. T. Thomson (8 vols, Wodrow Society, 1842–9) Cameron, Letters Letters of John Johnston and Robert Howie, ed. J. K. Cameron (St Andrews, 1963) Cant Ronald G. Cant, The University of St Andrews: A Short History, fourth edn (St Andrews, 2002) Durkan and Kirk John Durkan and James Kirk, The University of Glasgow 1451–1577 (Glasgow, 1977) Early Records Early Records of the University of St. Andrews: the Graduation Roll 1413–1579 and the Matriculation Roll 1473–1579, ed. J. M. Anderson (SHS, 1926) Evidence Evidence, Oral and Documentary, taken by the Commissioners appointed by King George IV, for visiting the Universities of Scotland (4 vols, London, 1837). All references are to vol. 3 unless otherwise specified. Fasti Aberdonenses Fasti Aberdonenses: Selections from the Records of the University and King’s College of Aberdeen, ed. C. Innes (Spalding Club, 1854) FBD The First Book of Discipline, ed. J. K. Cameron (Edinburgh, 1972) FMA Fasti Academiae Mariscallanae Aberdonensis: Selections from the Records of the Marischal College and University, MDXCIII–MDCCCLX, ed. P. J. Anderson and J. F. Kellas Johnstone (3 vols, New Spalding Club, 1889–98) Hannay, Statutes The Statutes of the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Theology at the Period of the Reformation, ed. R. K. Hannay (St Andrews, 1910) xii HUMANISM AND CALVINISM IR Innes Review JMAD James Melville, The Autobiography and Diary of Mr James Melvill, ed. R. Pitcairn (Wodrow Society, 1842) Munimenta Munimenta Alme Universitatis Glasguensis, ed. C. Innes (4 vols, Maitland Club, 1854) ODNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004) (http://www.oxforddnb.com/ view/article/) Original Letters Original Letters Relating to the Ecclesiastical Affairs of Scotland, 1603–1625, ed. B. Botfield (2 vols, Bannatyne Club, 1851) RCP Registres de la Compagnie des Pasteurs de Genève, ed. R. M. Kingdon and J. F. Bergier (Geneva, 1962– ) RPC The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, ed. J. H. Burton and others (Edinburgh, 1877– ) RPS The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707, ed. K. M. Brown and others (St Andrews, 2007–2010) (www. rps.ac.uk) RSS Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum, ed. M. Livingstone and others (8 vols, Edinburgh, 1908–82) RStAKS Register of the Minister, Elders and Deacons of the Christian Congregation of St Andrews, 1559–1600, ed. D. Hay Fleming (2 vols, SHS, 1889–90) SHR Scottish Historical Review SHS Scottish History Society StAPR Mark Smith, ‘The Presbytery of St Andrews 1586–1605: a Study and Annotated Edition of the Register of the Minutes of the Presbytery of St Andrews’ (Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1985) UYSL St Andrews University Library Special Collections, Records of St Leonard’s College, University of St Andrews UYSM St Andrews University Library Special Collections, Records of St Mary’s College, University of St Andrews UYSS St Andrews University Library Special Collections, Records of St Salvator’s College, University of St Andrews UYUY St Andrews University Library Special Collections, Records of the University of St Andrews All dates are given assuming the New Year begins on 1 January. All sums of money are given in £ Scots (£), shillings (s.), and pence (d.). A merk is equal to two thirds of £1 Scots. All quotations from primary sources have kept original spellings. Contractions and abbreviations in primary sources have been silently expanded. All translations from Latin are my own, except where stated. Acknowledgements The narrative in this monograph relating to the University of St Andrews was largely compiled during my Masters and PhD research on the St Andrews History of the University Project under the aegis of Professor Roger Mason, and it is to him that I owe the greatest debt of thanks. Roger has been an exemplary mentor, friend and sounding board since my MA degree, and has the dubious distinction of having read full drafts of both my thesis and what follows. For this, and everything else, I thank him. Research into the broader picture of Scottish higher education after the reformation, and the monograph itself, was completed at the University of Glasgow, where I have had the singular good fortune and privilege to find myself teaching since my PhD. My colleagues have been the most welcoming and supportive group of academics a young lecturer could ask for, especially in providing me with sufficient research time and space to write the text, and my colleagues in Scottish history and the early modern research group have been a receptive audience to several chapters delivered as seminar papers over the past two years. This study has benefited materially from the expert advice of Professor James K. Cameron, Dr Peter Maxwell-Stuart, Mrs Rachel Hart, Dr Robert Smart, Mr Giovanni Gellera, Dr John McCallum, and Professor Alexander Broadie, and the latter two deserve a special mention for reading drafts of the various sections on ecclesiastical politics and university curricula and teaching sources. As in all things, however, any errors of interpretation or mistakes arising in this work remain my own. I happily acknowledge the financial support provided for my Masters and PhD by the Arts and Humanities Research Council and by a St Andrews School of History Scholarship.