Ex-situ Treatment Technologies for Grey Water Management Department of Water Supply & Sanitation, Punjab Contents Grey & Black Water Management • Brief Overview • Challenges & Issues • Approach & Strategy • Information, Education & Communication (IEC) • Capacity Building • Technologies adopted & Pilots Brief Overview • Village ponds are integral part of Rural Punjab • Primarily constructed for harvesting rain water and bathing of domestic animals • Total number of villages in Punjab - 13726 • Population in the villages ranges from 108 to 9000 • Different interventions required to deal with the problem Issues & Challenges • Manifold increase in provision of drinking water to villages • Individual submersible pumps further add to the enhanced availability of water • Excessive leaching of nutrients in pond • Encroachments have reduced the effective size of village ponds • Increase in population and urbanization in villages • Lack of awareness regarding waste water reuse among the communities • Reluctance in managing the assets by Gram Panchayats Approach & Strategy • Re-modelling village ponds as waste water treatment plant • Focus on natural treatment mechanisms • Strong community participation in designing, construction and operation • Adopting less technical, easily maintainable technologies • Usage of treated water for agriculture & horticulture • Prevention of diseases due to non stagnation of wastewater in streets Information, Education & Communication Capacity Building • Participation of officers of the Department in training programs on Rural Waste Water Management organized by Centre for Science and Environment • Knowledge transfer to stakeholders regarding safe, adaptable and sustainable technologies for managing toilet waste. • Understanding of decentralized technologies to manage grey and black water • Training on how to reuse wastewater and faecal sludge Technologies Adopted • Individual soak pits constructed to cater household grey water • Soak pits have also been constructed in schools to manage grey water from mid-day meal kitchens, prevent stagnation and breeding of mosquitoes, and recharge ground water • Requires low capital cost, small area required, simple and can be built with locally available materials Before & after the implementation Waste Stabilization Ponds - I • The waste water collected via drainage system is passed to large shallow basins or ponds excavated at suitable land site and placed serially as a stabilization system in which waste water is stabilized • Its pathogenicity is reduced and the stabilized water becomes useable. • In this system, the collected waste water is stabilized by natural processes involving algae, bacteria and natural oxidation processes • Hot climate is very suitable, solar radiation and light is good for efficient functioning of this system • Solids retained at households by installing intercepting tank at household level • Liquid waste reaches through pipe sewer at waste stabilization pond • Rain water is segregated as it flows through an open drain network Current Projects • Department of Rural Development and Panchayats, Govt of Punjab has adopted the Seechewal model for pond rejuvenation and grey water management • The project is being implemented in more than 1500 villages across 110 Blocks • The model as envisaged by Sant Balbir Singh Seechewal has been further upgraded by Thapar University Patiala • Funds available under various schemes - Finance Commission Grants, Smart Village Project, MGNREGA, Swachh Bharat Mission are being used in covergence to carry out these projects. Digestion Unit Screening Chamber (Well 1) WASTE STABLIZATION Skimming tank Stabilization tank / Primary sedimentation POND II (Well 2) tank (Well 3) Designed by Thapar College of Engineering Patiala Oxidation Pond Storage Tank (Facultative Pond) Waste Stabilization Pond • Sewage/ waste water is collected in a pond where a screen chamber is used to filter objects flowing in the water • Then polluted water taken into two wells where silt and other extaneous materials settle before it flows into the third well • Where it is treated using natural hot weather and solar light • The treated water rich in nutrients is further used for agriculture and plantation purposes Root Zone Technology (Pilot) Plant Growth • Augmenting Waste Stabilization ponds based existing Small bore Sewerage Schemes with Root Zone technology to contain the BoD within the prescribed standards of 30mg/l • Piloted using Typha plants (Botanical name – Typha Latifolia) Results and findings • TYPHA plantation technology is suitable for Parameters Inlet Outlet rural areas as it does not require skilled BoD 198 mg/l 90 mg/l operation or power CoD 528 mg/l 304 mg/l • Easy to install Parameters Inlet Outlet • It has minimal operational & maintenance cost. BoD 66 mg/l 14 mg/l • Self sustaining growth CoD 296 mg/l 184 mg/l • Requires very less area for plantation (vary between 1 to 1.5 sqm. per capita). Parameters Inlet Outlet BoD 195 mg/l 23 mg/l • The effluent BoD levels of maturation pond have CoD 382 mg/l 93 mg/l decreased from 90mg/l to 23mg/l Nano Bubble Technology (Pilot) Pilot testing of technology at sewerage treatment plant of village Chatamli, District Ropar Advantages • Increases Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels rapidly • Removes bad smell & kills anaerobic microbes • Decomposes sludge at the bottom of the water body • Stimulates self-purification to recover clean water environment • Degradation of organic compounds, reduction of excess nutrients and elimination of floating algae Results and findings Nano-bubbles are miniature gas bubbles Facultative Pond in liquid, less than 200 nanometer in Parameters BOD COD TSS Faecal (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Coliform diameter which have several unique (MPN/100ml) 06-04-2020 353 712 495 172 properties (Outlet) • Longevity 06-07-2020 27 296 55.7 < 1 (Outlet) • Virtual disappearance of buoyancy, high Internal pressure Maturation Pond Parameters BOD COD TSS Faecal • Extremely large surface / volume (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Coliform (MPN/100ml) ratio 16-03-2020 27 178 26 23 • High oxygen dissolution rate and (from within) 06-07-2020 17 200 14.4 33 generation of free radicals (outlet) Costing Area S. No. Technology Applicability CAPEX O & M requirement 22.50 lacs (for 250 Individual Soak pits (Magic Grey water households Individual Minimal (only requires 1 Very small pits) only magic soak pits @ Rs. cleaning of grit) 9000 each) Small Bore Size Sewerage Less (requires cleaning of Both grey & 2 System (SBSSS) WSP High 90-100 lacs IC, Septic tanks, monthly black water based tariff Rs. 30-50 Waste Stabilization ponds - Both grey & Less (Cleaning of tanks, 3 Medium 15-18 lacs Thapar model black water de-silting) Typha plantation on existing Both grey & High 5 40-50 lacs Minimal WSP black water Nano bubble technology Both grey & Outsourcing of 1.5 - 2 lacs 6 Low (Pilot) black water Machine (Service Cost per 10 ponds) Thank You! WSP based treatment technologies (Pilot) • Technology option I - Anaerobic pond followed by reed bed + maturation ponds (Optional) • Technology option II - Anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and disposal onto land for irrigation as per Karnal Technology + maturation ponds (Optional) • Technology option III - Anaerobic pond followed by facultative aerated lagoon + maturation ponds (Optional) • Technology option IV - Anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and disposal onto land for irrigation as per Karnal Technology Diagram Pilot (Technology Option - I) Anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and maturation ponds OUTLET SCREEN GRIT CHAMBER CHAMBER INLET 1 2 MATURATION POND MATURATION POND ANAEROBIC POND ANAEROBIC FACULTATIVE POND FACULTATIVE POND FACULTATIVE INLET ANAEROBIC POND ANAEROBIC Pilot (Technology Option - II) Anaerobic Pond followed by Reed bed Technology + maturation ponds (Optional) OUTLET SCREEN GRIT CHAMBER CHAMBER INLET ANAEROBIC POND ANAEROBIC POND 2 POND 3 POND 1 MATURATION MATURATION MATURATION REED BED INLET OPTIONAL ANAEROBIC POND ANAEROBIC Pilot (Technology Option - III) Anaerobic pond followed by facultative aerated lagoon + maturation ponds (Optional) OUTLET SCREEN GRIT CHAMBER CHAMBER INLET ANAEROBIC POND ANAEROBIC POND 2 POND 3 POND 1 MATURATION MATURATION MATURATION INLET AERATED LAGOON PART 1 PART LAGOON AERATED 2 PART LAGOON AERATED OPTIONAL ANAEROBIC POND ANAEROBIC Pilot (Technology Option - IV) Anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and disposal onto land for irrigation as per Karnal Technology SCREEN GRIT CHAMBER CHAMBER INLET 3 m ANAEROBIC POND ANAEROBIC 0.5 m 1:1 FACULTATIVE POND FACULTATIVE POND FACULTATIVE 1 m RIDGE INLET ANAEROBIC POND ANAEROBIC RIDGE 1.5 m KARNAL TECHNOLOGY Back Ponds Piloted By DWSS DWSS is piloting Technology option I and III, rest being piloted by PPCB & Rural Development department Technology S. No. District Village Option 1 Sangrur Sultanpur I 2 Sangrur Mankheri I 3 Sangrur Kammomajra Khurd I 4 Tarntaran Nikki Manochahal I 5 Tarntaran Tung I 6 Jalandhar Bahadurpur I 7 Kapurthala Bohani I 8 Fatehgarh Sahib Chanarthal Kalan III 9 Fatehgarh Sahib Anaitpura III 10 Fatehgarh Sahib Bharri III.