512 Journal of Tropical Forest Science 13 (3): 512-526 (2001) VOLUME-BASED NUTRIENT CONTENT OF ACACIA MANGIUM, EUCALYPTUS DEGLUPTA PARASERIANTHESD AN FALCATARIA INDUSTRIAN I L TREE PLANTATION EASN SI T KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA J. Mackensen, Institut of Soil Science and Forest Nutrition, University of Gottingen, Busgenweg 2, 37077 Gottingen, Germany D. Ruhiyat Faculty Forestry,of Mulawarman 1013,University,Box O. Samarinda,P. East Kalimantan, Indonesia & H. Folster* Institut of Soil Science and Forest Nutrition, University of Gottingen, Busgenweg2, 37077 Gottingen, Germany Received December 1999______________________________________________ MACKENSEN, J., RUHIYAT, D. & FOLSTER, H. 2001. Volume-based nutrient content of Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus deglupta and Paraserianthes falcataria in industrial tree plantation Easn si t Kalimantan, Indonesia. Nutrient concentrations in stemwood, stembark, branches and leaves of Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus deglupta and Paraserianthes falcataria were analysed and compared to results by other studies. Nutrient concentrations differed significantly across components. Species-specific differences were profound. The weight-volume ratio for A. mangium and E. deglupta was described best with an exponential model, while for P. falcataria a simple linear model was sufficient. All equations were highly significant (R2> 0.83). Stand nutrient storage in 200 m* ha'1 stemwood and stembark ranged between 75-202 kg N, 2.6-9.5 kg P . ,Nutrient 10-2d 73-20 85-16, an Mg K a g 1k C g 8 k g 1sk store n branchei d d san storagg M d eleavean a C , s29-164 d K amounte an e , th P f %d o 70-223an o dt N e th %f o in stems. Keywords: Nutrient concentratio . mangiumA - n . degluptaE - falcataria . P - - stan d volum eweight-volum- e rati onutrien- t storage * Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] Journal of Tropical Forest Science 13(3): 512-526 (2001) 513 MACKENSEN, J., RUHIYAT, D. & FOLSTER, H. 2001. Kandungan nutrien berasaskan isipadu dalam Acada mangium, Eucalyptus deglupta dan Paraserianthes falcataria dalam peladangan kayu industr Kalimantai id n Timnr, Indonesia. Kepekatan nutrien dalam kayu batang, kulit batang, dahan dan daun Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus deglupta Paraserianthesn da falcataria dianalisi dibandingkan sda n dengan keputusan kajian yang lain. Kepekatan nutrien untuk semua komponen berbeza dengan bererti. Perbezaan khusus spesies sangat ketara. Nisbah berat-isipadu bag . mangiumiA n da E. deglupta diterangkan dengan baik sekali menggunakan model eksponen, manakala bagi P. falcataria, penggunaan model linear yang mudah sudah mencukupi. Kesemua persamaan sangat bererti (R2>0.83). Penyimpanan nutrien dirian dalam 200m'ha'1 kayu batan kulin gda t batang ialah 75-20 2.6-9., N 73-20, 85-16, P g 2a k K g 5 C k g 8g k 1 k dan 10-21 kg Mg. Nutrien yang disimpan dalam dahan dan daun berjumlah 70-223% daripada N dan P, dan 29-164% daripada K, Ca dan Mg yang disimpan dalam batang. Introduction Industrial tree plantations are being established at a rapid pace throughout the tropics. They are characterised by a short rotation cycle and intensive site management using few dominant species. Althoug differentiatioe hth industriaf no l and non-industrial plantations is not always clear (FAO 1995), the establishment of industrial plantations is obviously increasing. Total plantation area in the tropics increased from 18 million ha in 1980 to 44 million ha in 1990, of which 73% are foun tropican di l Asi Oceanid aan a (FAO 1995) importance .Th plantationf eo n si this region has increased even more since then. The plantation sector is given a high priorit economie th n yi c development scheme variouf so s nations. Indonesiar fo , example, plan establiso st millio0 hmainl1 f o a nh y industrial plantation yeae th ry sb 2030 (Kosonen et al 1997). Plantation management generally causes changes in on-site nutrient fluxes. Management-induced nutrient losses from timber harvest, burning, leaching and erosion result in a significant depletion of nutrients especially at poorly supplied sites (Mackensen 1998) necessare .Th y replenishmen thesf to e nutrient lossey sb fertilisatio costls ni required yan s informatio quantite th n no f nutrient yo s lost (Mackense Folsten& r 2000). However, informatio nutriene th n no t contenf o t plantation specie extremels si y raretherefore, is t I . objective th , thif eo s studo yt supply data on the nutrient content of three major plantation species in Indonesia: Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus deglupta Paraserianthesd an falcataria. Nutrient contens ti often related to weight units (Wise & Pitman 1981, Nykvistrf et a/. 1994). A conversion into volume-based unit oftes i s n impossible becaus e densit th dat n f ao yo stemwoo stembard dan scarcee kar orden .I overcomo rt e this probleo t d man allo wdireca t estimatio nutriene th f no t export through harvesting basee ,w d tree nutrient content on stand volume. 514 Journal of Tropical Forest Science 13 (3): 512-526 (2001) Materials and methods Site description East Kalimanta Indonesian a ns i n provinc islane th Borneof n deo o stude .Th y area is within the HTI concession PT.IHM north-west of Balikpapan (0° 22'-1° 00' S; 116° 30'-117° 00' E). The region is characterised by a humid tropical climate. Mean annual precipitation varies between 200 250Durin. d 0an 0 mm driee gth r season (Jun Octobero et ) monthly precipitation often . Mea exceedmm n 0 annuas10 l temperature is 26 °C and daily temperature changes cover a range of 6-8 °C. The geology in the region is characterised by Tertiary sand, silt and clay sediments. Miocene limestone occur smaln si l areas topographe .Th undulatinys i g with steep short bu t slopes, narrow valley ground crestsd san . Average slope o lengtt 0 5 s hi 20 (Breme0m 1990. al t ne , RePPProt 1987). majoe Th r soi concessioe l typeth f o Acrisold s % founan i n80 Al aren s di e aar (Mackensen 1998, WRB 1994). These soil types, which are comparable to Ultisols (USDA 1994) are characterised by a low pH (H2O: 4.5-4.8, KC1 : 3.5-3.7), high aluminium saturation (56-91 % of effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC)), ECEn a d 18-2f Co an 6 cmo metere p l kg-th to f e 1o cla.th % Anothen yi 15 o t 0 r1 soil sande sar nutrient-pood yan r Ferra Arenosold lan s wit similaha , higl rpH h A saturation (68-80% of ECEC) and a low ECEC of 9-10 cmol kg"1 clay. Calcisols can founbe limestondon e island Fluvisolsand s occu narrorin w valley bottoms. Both soil types hav epH(Ha 2 O6.2-7.1f o ) basa , e saturatio verf 100a n o d y% higan h ECEC (20-100 cmol kg-1 clay). The PT.IHM concession was established in 1992. It covers approximately 200 000 ha of mainly logged secondary diptero carp forests. In 1993 PT.IHM started to establish 10 000-15 000 ha y1 of industrial tree plantations following some plantation trials dating mid-1970s e bacth ko t . Durin firse gth t few years deglupta. ,E wadominane th s areae th t f . specie. o mangium A plante% t w s80 bu no s n i do Extende falcataria. dP stand speciese t planteexisth t no s tsbu i d anymore because of its relatively low pulp yield. The expected mean annual increment (MAI) is 25 m ha' for all species during a rotation length of 8 y, giving a harvest volume of 3 1 200 m3 ha'1. Stand volume Stand volume was measured in a total of 41 plots: 32 plots of E. deglupta and nine plots of A. mangium. Stand age ranged between 7.5-14.5 y. Topographical position, aspect, degre lengtd ean f slopeho s were recorde r eacdfo h plot. Plot 0.0sizs usina 5ewa h adjustmengradiun a a r 12.6f sFo o . 2slopem o t s equation1 was used: — —— = ' r (equatio) n1 (cos a)0-5 Journal of Tropical5 51 Forest Science 13(3): 512-526 (2001) where r' = adjusted plot radius, r = initial plot radius and slop= a e degree. Dbh of trees was measured with a diameter tape. Tree heights were measured using a Suunto or, in very dense and high A. mangium stands, a Blume-Leiss clinometer. Standing dea undergrowtdand h trees wer measuredenot . Tree volum determines ewa usiny d b standar e gth d volume equatio cylinderr nfo d san applyin gspecies-specifia c form factor usee PT.IHe .W d th M default values5 :0. for A. mangium and 0.56 for E. deglupta. Nutrient concentration Following the methodology by Ruhiyat (1989) we analysed the nutrient content of stemwood and stembark of A. mangium, E. (deglupta and P.falcataria. Five average sized trees were sampled per species in 8- to 9-y-old stands on Ali/Acrisols sites. Stem discs were sampled fro basee mth (minimup , meato d nan m diamete) cm 7 r> of sample trees and separated into stemwood and stembark. Samples were dried at 60 °C to constant weight and subsequently analysed for their nutrient concentration at the Institute of Soil Science and Forest Nutrition, Gottingen, Germany. C and N were analysed usin gCN-elemena t analyser (CHN-O-Rapid, Heraeus, Germany), werl A ed analysean n M , d witMg catione , inductivelth n h a Ca d , san K whil S , eP y coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES, Spectro, Kleve, Germany) after HNO3-pressure digestion. A detailed methodology is given by Konig & Fortman rang-su996a1 nA ( . ,b) m test (U-Test uses statisticar d)wa fo l comparison of concentration values with other studie r amono s g use s speciess dwa a S SA .