KINGS OF L 1IRA: A TRA \ WORKS JOKA, iND OF PR.ij 'ABHAtTA AND SHUK4 JOGESH CHUNDER DUTf, Vol III. Printed by S. K. Shaw, and P 1898. [All rights reserved.] DS CONTENTS of Vol. in. Page. Preface ... ... ... ... ... i Table of Contents of the work of Jonaraja ... v Table of Contents of the work of Shrlvara ... vii Table of Contents of the work of Prajyabhatta and Shuka ... xii Kiugs of Kashmlra Second Series (Jonaraja ) ... i Kings of Kashmlra Third Series ( Shrlvara) Book I. 98 Chapter I ... ... 103 Chapter II ... ... 115 Chapter III ..-. ... 119 Chapter IV ... ... 132 Chapter V ... ... 138 Chapter VI ... ... 148 Chapter VII ... ... 152 Book II ... ... ... 183 Book III... ... ... ... 206 Book IV ... ... ... ... 267 Kings of Kashmlra, Fourth Series (Prajyabhatta and Shuka) ... 337 Appendix A. ... ... ... ... xvii Appendix B. ... ... ... ... xvii Appendix C. ... ... ... ... xviii List of Kings. ... ... ... ... xxi PREFACE. It is some satisfaction to the translator to be able to bring his self-imposed labours to an end. In volumes I. and II. of this work which were published in 1S79 and 1887, respectively, he completed the translation of Kahlana's work. Pandit Durgaprasada of Jayapore has published an excellent edition of Kahlana's work, and the translator regrets that he was unable to profit by it as the edition was published subsequent to his translation. The narration left by Kahlana, who may be called the father of Indian history, was taken up by Jonaraja. He again was followed by his pupil Shrivara : and Shrlvara's work was continued by Prajyabhatta. It is not generally known that Prajyabhatta left his work incomplete, and that it was taken up by Shuka who brought the account of Kashmira to the time when the country was con- quered by Akbar, and it ceased to be an independent kingdom. The works of all these authors have been translated in the volume now presented to the public. To judge from the imperfect texts of these works pub- lished by the General Committee of Public Instruction, and the Asiatic Society of Bengal, it seems that the later authors have greatly improved Kahlana's method of writing history. They are clear and perspicuous, and events are narrated consecutively, so that the whole narration runs in one continuous flow. The writers however could not forget that they were poets as well as historians, and consequently they interspersed their ac- counts with flowers of poesy and rhetorical flourishes I It is to be regretted that the last of the works men- tioned above has been very carelessly edited. Portions of the narrative have got inserted in wrong places so as to interrupt the flow of the narrative and to render the meaning in those places unintelligible. The translator has tried his best to put these intruding fragments into their proper places. He has however not been able to find the proper place of three unimportant and uninteresting stories which he has put in appendices. It must be mentioned that valuable as the writings of these authors are from a historical point of view, in the absence of any other history of the country they relate to, we cannot unhasitatingly accept their esti- mation of persons and events when we remember that they were, what may be called, court pandits, and depended on the smiles of kings, whose accounts they wrote, for almost everything they had in the world. It is not unlikely that they often had to 1 :ad out their writings in court. We almost always fin ' that they be- gin the account of a king by extollin virtues to the skies, and we may be sure that the r wrote their Ill censures on any king till he was dead or deposed. As court pandits they had in full measure the vice of such people, —fulsome adulation of their patrons. —They did not hesitate to raise Mahomedan princes not only above the ancient heroes of their country, whom as Hindus they must have revered, but even above the gods of the Hindus. A strict impartiality of opinion cannot be expected from such writers. A true history cannot be written when the writer has a purpose to serve other than writing a true history. There is however no reason to disbelieve the correctness of their accounts, irres- pective of the writers' views regarding the events narrated. No one can be more alive to the defects of the trans- lation than the translator himself. He is however the first to translate these valuable records into English, and he hopes that the public will view his performance with the indulgence due to a first attempt of difficult work. He trusts it will form the ground work for tran- slations which will no doubt be more scholarly than his, especially when undertaken by a European scholar like Dr. Stein of Lahore. A European commands much greater resources in this country than what a native of the country may hope to do. In conclusion the translator begs to offer his best thanks to his teacher Pandit Alokanath Nyayabhnshana with whom he read the RajatarahginI almost from the beginning to the end. He is also deeply obliged IV to his brother Mr. Romesh C. Dutt, C. I. E. for very valuable help rendered in connection with this transla- tion, as in many other things which the world will perhaps never know. —; KINGS OF KASHMIRA—SECOND SERIES, BY JONARAJA. Table of Contents. Invocation ;— The author's preface; —King Jayasimha; —Malla of Trigartta ; —Defeat and submission of the king of the Yavanas ; —Death of king Jayasimha ; King Paramanuka ; —His inglorious reign and death ; King Varttideva ; —His death ;— King Vopyadeva ; —His foolishness;—King Jassaka; — The brothers Kshuksha and Bhima ; — Death of the king ; — King Jagadeva ; —Driven from the throne and country ; —His return and reassertion of his kingdom ; — He builds a temple ; —His death ; —Opposition to Rajadeva ; Rajadeva made king ; —Baladhyachandra ; —Conspiracy against the king ; —Vimalacharyya's calculation ; —The — king's public works and death ; — King Sangramadeva ; His brother's rebellion ; —Rebellion of the sons of ; Kahlana ; —The king's flight — His return and reassertion of his kingdom ; —His public work ; — His death ;— Yhshaka's life of the king ; — King Ramadeva. Execution of the murderers of his father ;— King's public works. His adoption of a child ; —The queen's plublic works ; Death of king Ramadeva ; —King Lakshmanadeva ; His erudition; —The queen's public work ;— King Lakshmana killed by Kajjala ; —King Simhadeva ; His reduced condition ; —His religious and public works;— His intrigue with his nurse's daughter;— His death ; — King Snhadeva alias Ramachandra — —His conquests and public work ; —Sahamera ; Dalacha ;— Rinchana ; —Commotions caused by Dalacha and Rinchana ; —Rinchana takes queen Kota ; —Death of king Ramachandra ; —Usurpation of Rinchana ;— His administration of justice ; — His desire to be a Saiva ; ——— VI ; Vyala —Rebellion of Tukka ; —Education of prince Haidara ; —The king's public work ; —His death ; — King Udayanadeva ; — His gratitude to Sahamera ; — Rise of the Lavanyas ; — Influence of queen Kota ; —The king's religious character ; — Achala ; — Rise of Sahamera ; Death of king Udayanadeva ; —Queen Kota ; —Murder of Bhikshana and Avatara ; —War with the lord of Kampana ; —Usurpation of Sahamera ; — His 'government and death ; — King Jamsara ; — His struggle with his brother; His death and his public works ; —King Aiavadena ; His interview with the Yoginls ; —Change in the law of inheritance by unchaste widows ; — Removal of the capital; —The king's public works;—Famine; —The king's death ; — King Shahavadlna ; — His military ex- peditions ; — His love for Anuga ; — His general admi- nistration ;— An inundation;—Building of towns; Lasa ; — Udayashrl; —Exile of the princes ; — Petty rebel- lions ; —The king's hunting adventure ; — Sharkarasuha's dream ; — Recall of the princes and the king's last acts ; His death;— King Kumbhadlna ; —War in Lohara ; The king's dealings with prince Hassana ; —Udayashrl's attempt to murder the king;— His death; — The king's public and religious works ; —Birth of two princes ; —The king's death ; — King Shekandhara ; — Murder of Maham- mada and others ; —Acts of Shrl Shova ; —Acts of Uddaka ; — His death ; — Military expeditions of the king ; — His charity; —Ascendency of the Mahomedans ; The King's marriage with Mera ; —Mahadeva the alche- mist ;— The king's councillors ; — Birth of three princes ; —Banishment of the sons of Shova;—The king's public work ; —Persecution of rtie Hindus by Suhabhatta ; —The king's death ; — King Alishaha ; —Acts of Suhabhatta ; —Imprisonment and escape of Mahammada the Marga- pati ; — Prince Piruja ; — Persecution of the Hindus by ; Suhabhatta ; —His death ; — Hamsa and Gaura — Mera- the kamsara;—The king's pilgrimage ; — Oppressions by Mahomedans ;— Battle with the Khubkhuras;— King ——— Vll ; Jainollabhadlna ; —His virtues and good government Jasratha ; — Instances of the king's administration of justice ;—Abolition of the practice of taking money by judges from plaintiffs and defendants ; —Another instance of the king's administration of justice ; —Reward ; given to the author ; —The king suffers from a boil Physician Shivabhatta ; —The king's public works and conciliation of the Hindus ; —The great men of bis ; court —His military exploits ; —Exile of Nosrata ; ; Sadaula ; —A yogi — Birth of a prince ; —Murder of the Yogi by Sadaula;— His punishment;—Birth of other princes ; —Excavation of canals and building of towns etc ;— Establishment of offices for the registration of the sale of lands ; — Extraction of jewels from mines and gold from the sands of rivers ;- Public works of the king's officers ;— Feud between Sayedha and Shura ;- The king's religious propensities ;- His idea of filling up the Mahapadma lake ; —An inundation ; — Filling up of the centre of the MahSpadma lake ; — Building towns on and about it ; —Reformation of the Domba thieves ; — Prohibition to kill birds and fish in several tanks;— An instance of the king's administration of justice;— The nobles of his court;— His gifts to boys;— Planting of sugar-cane by the king;—His reli- giousness and power ; — Conclusion.