NIST Special Publication 1108 NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0 Office of the National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability NIST Special Publication 1108 NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0 Office of the National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability January 2010 U.S. Department of Commerce Gary Locke, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Patrick D. Gallagher, Director Table of Contents Executive Summary........................................................................................................................ 7 1 Purpose and Scope .................................................................................................................. 13 1.1 Overview and Background............................................................................................. 13 1.2 How This Report Was Produced.................................................................................... 16 1.3 Key Concepts ................................................................................................................. 18 1.3.1 Definitions............................................................................................................... 19 1.3.2 Applications and Requirements: Eight Priority Areas............................................ 20 1.4 Content Overview .......................................................................................................... 21 2 Smart Grid Vision................................................................................................................... 23 2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................ 23 2.2 Importance to National Energy Policy Goals................................................................. 25 2.3 Key Attributes ................................................................................................................ 28 2.3.1 Defined Architectures ............................................................................................. 28 2.3.2 Different Layers of Interoperability........................................................................ 29 2.3.3 Standards and Conformance ................................................................................... 31 3 Conceptual Reference Model.................................................................................................. 32 3.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................ 32 3.2 Description of Conceptual Model .................................................................................. 34 3.3 Models for Smart Grid Information Networks............................................................... 36 3.3.1 Information Networks............................................................................................. 37 3.3.2 Security for Smart Grid Information Systems and Control Systems Networks ..... 38 3.3.3 IP-Based Networks ................................................................................................. 39 3.3.4 Smart Grid and the Public Internet – Security Concerns........................................ 39 3.3.5 Technologies for Standards for Smart Grid Communication Infrastructure .......... 40 3.4 Use Case Overview ........................................................................................................ 40 3.5 Smart Grid Interface to the Customer Domain .............................................................. 41 3.5.1 Distinction between the Meter and the Energy Services Interface......................... 41 3.5.2 The ESI and the Home Area Network.................................................................... 42 4 Standards Identified for Implementation ................................................................................ 44 4.1 Guiding Principles Used for Identifying Interoperability Standards ............................. 44 4.2 Overview of the Standards Identification Process ......................................................... 48 4.3 Revised List of Standards Identified by NIST ............................................................... 49 4.4 Additional Standards Identified by NIST Subject to Further Review ........................... 61 4.5 Process for Future Smart Grid Standards Identification ................................................ 74 5 Priority Action Plans............................................................................................................... 75 5.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................ 75 5.2 Standard Meter Data Profiles (PAP 05) ......................................................................... 78 5.3 Standards for Energy Usage Information (PAP 10)....................................................... 79 5.4 Standard Demand Response Signals (PAP 09).............................................................. 82 5.5 Develop Common Specification for Price and Product Definition (PAP 03)................ 83 5. 6 Develop Common Scheduling Communication for Energy Transactions (PAP 04) ..... 85 5.7 Guidelines for the Use of IP Protocol Suite in the Smart Grid (PAP 01) ...................... 87 5.8 Guidelines for the Use of Wireless Communications (PAP 02) .................................... 88 5.9 Harmonize Power Line Carrier Standards for Appliance Communications in the Home (PAP 15)....................................................................................................................... 90 5.10 Develop Common Information Model (CIM) for Distribution Grid Management (PAP 08)....................................................................................................................... 91 5.11 Transmission and Distribution Power Systems Model Mapping (PAP 14)................... 93 5.12 DNP3 Mapping to IEC 61850 Objects (PAP 12)........................................................... 95 5.13 Harmonization of IEEE C37.118 with IEC 61850 and Precision Time Synchronization (PAP 13)....................................................................................................................... 97 5.14 Energy Storage Interconnection Guidelines (PAP 07)................................................. 100 5.15 Interoperability Standards to Support Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PAP 11) ................. 103 6 Cyber Security Strategy ........................................................................................................ 106 6.1 Cyber Security and the Electric Sector ........................................................................ 107 6.2 Scope and Definitions .................................................................................................. 108 6.3 Smart Grid Cyber Security Strategy............................................................................. 108 6.4 Time Line and Deliverables ......................................................................................... 115 7 Next Steps ............................................................................................................................. 116 7.1 Phase II – Smart Grid Interoperability Panel ............................................................... 116 7.2 Smart Grid Conformity Testing ................................................................................... 116 7.3 Other Issues to be Addressed ....................................................................................... 117 7.3.1 Electromagnetic Disturbances .............................................................................. 117 7.3.2 Electromagnetic Interference................................................................................ 118 7.3.3 Privacy Issues in the Smart Grid........................................................................... 118 7.3.4 Safety .................................................................................................................... 120 7.4 Conclusion.................................................................................................................... 121 8 List of Acronyms .................................................................................................................. 122 9 Appendix: Specific Domain Diagrams ................................................................................ 128 9.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 128 9.2 Customer Domain ........................................................................................................ 130 9.3 Markets Domain........................................................................................................... 132 9.4 Service Provider Domain ............................................................................................. 134 9.5 Operations Domain ...................................................................................................... 136 9.6 Bulk Generation Domain ............................................................................................. 139 9.7 Transmission Domain .................................................................................................. 142 9.8 Distribution Domain....................................................................................................