West Yorkshire Local Aggregate Assessment 2019 (2018 Data) Final Version – November 2019 1-1 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION/ BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................ 1-9 1.1. Background ................................................................................................................................................................. 1-9 1.2. Geographical Context .............................................................................................................................................. 1-11 1.3. Transportation of Aggregates (General) ............................................................................................................... 1-12 1.4. Transportation of Aggregates (Barge) ................................................................................................................... 1-14 1.5. Transportation of Aggregates (Rail) ...................................................................................................................... 1-15 1.6. Transportation of Aggregates (Infrastructure Safeguarding) ............................................................................ 1-15 1.7. National Parks and Areas of Natural Beauty ....................................................................................................... 1-16 1.8. West Yorkshire Local Plans .................................................................................................................................... 1-18 1.9. Other Relevant Local Aggregate Assessments ..................................................................................................... 1-22 1.10. National & Regional Guidelines for Aggregate Provision ............................................................................. 1-29 2. MINERAL RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................................... 2-31 2.1. Sand and Gravel ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-31 2.2. Sandstone Aggregate ............................................................................................................................................... 2-33 2.3. Building Sandstone .................................................................................................................................................. 2-33 2.4. Limestone Aggregate ............................................................................................................................................... 2-35 2.5. Building Limestone .................................................................................................................................................. 2-36 2.6. Coal ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2-37 3. AGGREGATE RESERVES AND SALES ......................................................................................................................... 3-38 3.1. Sand & Gravel Reserves .......................................................................................................................................... 3-38 3.2. Sand & Gravel Sales ................................................................................................................................................. 3-40 3.3. Crushed Rock Reserves ........................................................................................................................................... 3-42 3.4. Crushed Rock Sales .................................................................................................................................................. 3-45 4. APPRAISAL OF OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION ............................................................................................. 4-47 4.1. Aggregate Flows to and from West Yorkshire ..................................................................................................... 4-47 4.2. Recycled and Secondary Aggregates (RSA) ......................................................................................................... 4-52 4.3. Mineral use in aggregate ......................................................................................................................................... 4-60 4.4. Potential Role of Marine Aggregate (Sand and Gravel) ...................................................................................... 4-61 4.5. Potential for Improved Aggregate Rail Freight Connections ............................................................................. 4-65 4.6. Factors Which May Influence Future Demand .................................................................................................... 4-68 4.7. Aggregate Price Inflation ........................................................................................................................................ 4-73 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................ 5-75 6. ROLE OF LOCALISM IN AGGREGATE SUPPLY ........................................................................................................ 6-79 6.1. Background ............................................................................................................................................................... 6-79 6.2. Securing the Necessary Aggregate ........................................................................................................................ 6-79 6.3. Agreements to be Sought ........................................................................................................................................ 6-80 Appendix 1 - Active quarries which produce aggregate as at 31 December 2018 Appendix 2 - Detailed Explanation of Uplift Calculation Methodology 1-2 1-3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document is the seventh of the annual Local Aggregate Assessments (LAA) undertaken by the West Yorkshire Combined Authority on behalf of the five West Yorkshire Mineral Planning Authorities of: Leeds, Bradford, Kirklees, Wakefield and Calderdale. An LAA is an annual report designed to provide evidence to support both the Minerals Industry and Mineral Planning Authorities in planning for the future provision of aggregates. The LAA should be updated annually and this document represents the West Yorkshire Local Aggregate Assessment 2019, incorporating 2018 data. The LAA 2019 finds that the position with sand and gravel has not altered, with the small reserve of sand and gravel within West Yorkshire continuing to be progressively worked out at a steady rate. Further reserves will need to be released if any primary sand and gravel extraction is to continue in West Yorkshire substantially beyond 2025. Crushed rock aggregate extraction remains at the relatively high level established since 2014 of over 1 million tonnes per annum, with permitted reserves also continuing to increase back to pre- recession levels. Chart EF1 illustrates the 10 year aggregates sales trend for West Yorkshire. EF1 West Yorkshire Ten Year Aggregate Sales Trend 2009 - 2018 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 Sales Sales (Million Tonnes) 0.20 0.00 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Sand & Gravel Crushed Rock Linear (Sand & Gravel) Linear (Crushed Rock) Ten year sales averages alone are not considered to be adequate to use as the basis for calculating the aggregate landbank for West Yorkshire. This is primarily because West Yorkshire Local Planning Authorities are planning for a significant increase in house building in the future, as illustrated by chart EF2. This remains the case despite recent changes to housing need forecasting leading to reduced housing delivery targets in emerging new Local Plans. A strong relationship is apparent between housing delivery and aggregate production, as shown by chart EF3. 1-4 EF2 West Yorkshire Historic Annual Housing Delivery vs. Planned Future Delivery 9,940 10,150 9,070 9,070 8,620 7,490 7,280 6,750 5,830 5,370 5,280 5,320 4,820 3,890 Net Additional Dwellings Additional Net Planned Future Housing Delivery Actual Housing Delivery EF3 West Yorkshire Aggregate Sales vs. Housing Delivery Trend Crushed Rock Sold (hundreds of tonnes) Additional Dwellings (number of units) 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 AMOUNT 4,000 2,000 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 YEAR 1-5 Therefore an uplift factor has been applied to the 10 year aggregate sales average for the purpose of calculating the West Yorkshire Aggregate Landbank. This uplift represents an estimate of the increase in aggregates sales which would be required to deliver on planned future housing growth and associated infrastructure demands. The calculated landbanks, adjusted in accordance with the uplift methodology described in this report, are shown in the table below. West Yorkshire Aggregate Landbanks 2018 Note: All Figures Annual Sales 25% Uplifted in Tonnes Unless Reserve Average Aggregate Landbank Otherwise Stated 2009-2018 Apportionment Sand and 570,000 90,000 110,000 5 Years 2 Months Gravel Crushed 40,780,000 870,000 1,090,000 37 Years 5 Months Rock The Sand and Gravel landbank of 5 Years and 2 Months is below the minimum landbank