PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A SET OF ENGLISH SPEAKING MATERIALS BASED ON TASK-BASED APPROACH FOR ENGLISH TUTORIAL STUDENTS A Thesis Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in the English Language Education By Christine Student Number: 031214068 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUGE AND ARTS EDUCATION TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2008 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma : Nama : Christine Nomor Mahasiswa : 031214068 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul : A SET OF ENGLISH SPEAKING MATERIALS BASED ON TASK-BASED APPROACH FOR ENGLISH TUTORIAL STUDENTS beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupaun memberikan royalty kepada saya selamA tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyatan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal : 27 Maret 2008 Yang menyatakan (Christine) PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY I honestly declared that the thesis which I wrote does not contain the works or part of the works of other people, except those cited in the quotations and references, as a scientific paper should. Yogyakarta, March 4, 2008 The writer, Christine 03 1214 068 iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DEDICATION PAGE WE CANNOT DO GREAT THINGS ONLY A SMALL THING WITH THE GREATEST LOVE (Mother Theresa) This thesis is dedicated to: My Lord, Jesus Christ My lovely family: Mama, the late Papa, and Cie Ay My sweetheart: Ali Candra Hanjaya My beloved best friends v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my Lord, my Father in Heaven, and my Savior, Jesus Christ for the greatest and endless love and blessings during the completion of this thesis. My special gratitude goes to my major sponsor Caecillia Tutyandari, S.Pd., M.Pd., and my co-sponsor Christina Kristiyani, S.Pd., M.Pd., for their patience, help, guidance, suggestions and support in helping and guiding me to complete this thesis. I really appreciate their willingness and compassion to help me to solve my problems. I would like to give my sincere and deepest gratitude to all the lecturers of English Language Education Study Program for the support and guidance during my study here. I would also like to thank to my academic advisor Yohana Veniranda, S.Pd., M.Hum., for her support and kindness during my study here. I also express my gratitude to Drs. Y.B. Gunawan, M.A., and Drs. Concilianus Laos Mbato, M.A., for helping me to finish this thesis. I address my sincere gratitude to Ir. Drs. Hansiadi Yuli Hartanto, M. Si, Akt., the head of Accounting Study Program Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta. I thank him for allowing me to do this study in Accounting Study Program of Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta. I would also like to thank all English tutorial students. I really spent beautiful moments with them. My sincere and deepest gratitude are addressed to my lovely mother, Yeyet who always gives me all the best things in this world. I really thank her for every vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI single prayer, endless love, patience, trust, sacrifice and financial support she has given to me. I also address my deepest gratitude to my father, the late Kampeng who taught me the meaning of life. I thank him for his love, support, and concern. My gratitude also goes to Arnih Kampeng and Andrial Kusuma, my lovely sister and brother who always give me their wise advice. I thank them for giving me love, guidance and financial support. My very special gratitude goes to my soul mate, Ali Candra Hanjaya, S.E., who always guides me to be a better person. I thank him for his love, sacrifice, support, prayer, and very wonderful moment that we have spent together. He always gives me spirit to finish this thesis. I also would like to express my sincere gratitude to my best friends, Moniqa Friesta de Wanna, Seeviana Yenoriani, and Janiati for their help, support and prayer. I really appreciate the beautiful moment that we have spent together. I also give my gratitude to all my friends in English Education Study Program, especially to Melanie, Meiske, Dudy, Fendi, Winny, Timor, for their help and support. Christine vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………… i APPROVAL PAGE ………………………………………………………. ii BOARD OF EXAMINERS ………………………………………………. iii STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY …………………………… iv DEDICATION PAGE ……………………………………………………. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………. viii LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………… xii LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………. xiii ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………. iv ABSTRAK …………………………………………………………………. xv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ………………………………………… 1 A. Research Background ………………………………………………… 1 B. Problem Formulation ………………………………………………… 4 C. Problem Limitation …………………………………………………… 5 D. Research Objectives ………………………………………………….. 5 E. Research Benefits ……………………………………………………. 6 F. Definition of Terms ………………………………………………….. viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Page CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE …………… 9 A. Theoretical Description ……………………………………………….. 9 1. Speaking …………………………………………………………… 9 a. The Definition of Speaking …………………………………… 9 b. The Nature of Speaking ………………………………………. 10 c. The Theories of Teaching Speaking ………………………….. 11 2. Task-Based Approach …………………………………………….. 13 a. The Definition of Task Based on Task-Based Approach …….. 14 b. Types of Task ………………………………………………… 15 c. Framework of Task-Based Approach ………………………… 18 3. Instructional Design Model ………………………………………. 19 a. Banathy’s Model …………………………………………….. 19 b. Kemp’s Model ………………………………………………. 22 B. Theoretical Framework………………………………………………. 25 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ………………………………….. 28 A. Research Method …………………………………………………… 28 B. Research Participants ……………………………………………….. 31 C. Research Setting ……………………………………………………. 32 D. Research Instrument ………………………………………………… 32 E. Data Gathering Techniques ………………………………………… 33 ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Page F. Data Analysis Techniques …………………………………………… 34 G. Research Procedure …………………………………………………. 37 CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION …….. 40 A. The Steps in Designing the Materials ……………………………….. 40 1. Considering Learner Characteristics ……………………………. 41 2. Formulating Goals, Topics, and General Purposes …………….. 45 3. Specifying Learning Objectives ………………………………... 46 4. Design ………………………………………………………….. 49 5. Evaluation ……………………………………………………… 50 6. Change to Improve …………………………………………….. 50 B. The Evaluation Results of the Survey Study Administered to Evaluate the Designed Materials …………………………………………….. 50 1. Data Presentation in the Form of Likert Scale ………………… 51 2. The Participants’ Comments and Suggestions Toward the Designed Materials ……………………………………………………… 52 C. The Discussion on the Designed Materials Evaluation ………….. 53 D. The Presentation of the Designed Materials …………………….. 54 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESSTIONS ………… 56 A. Conclusions ………………………………………………………. 56 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI B. Suggestions ……………………………………………………… 58 REFERENCES ………………………………………………………. 59 APPENDICES ………………………………………………………… 61 Appendix A ……………………………………………………………. 62 Surat Permohonan Ijin Penelitian ……………………………… 63 Appendix B ……………………………………………………………. 64 The Questionnaire for Needs Survey for the Students ………… 65 Permohonan Pengisian Kuisioner ……………………………… 68 Gambaran Umum ……………………………………………… 69 The Questionnaire for the Designed Materials Evaluation ……. 71 Appendix C ……………………………………………………………. 74 Syllabus ……………………………………………………….. 75 Lesson Plan ……………………………………………………. 77 The Designed Materials ……………………………………….. 101 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIST OF TABLES Page Table 3.1 The Description of Participants ……………………………….. 32 Table 3.2 The Questionnaire Answers …………………………………... 35 Table 3.3 The Description of the Participants’ Opinion Using Central Tendency ……………………………………………………… 36 Table 3.4 The Assessment of the Mean …………………………………. 37 Table 4.1 The Result of the Needs Survey ……………………………… 41 Table 4.2 Goals …………………………………………………………. 45 Table 4.3 General Purposes …………………………………………….. 45 Table 4.4 Learning Objectives ………………………………………….. 47 Table 4.5 The List of Participant’s Evaluation …………………………... 51 xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2.1 Task-Based Framework ……………………………………… 18 Figure 2.2 Banathy’s Instructional design Model ……………………… 22 Figure 2.3 Kemp’s Instructional Design Model ………………………… 23 xiii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Christine. 2008. A Set of English Speaking Materials Based on Task-Based Approach for English Tutorial Students. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program Sanata Dharma University. This study was conducted to design a set of English speaking materials for Economic faculty tutorial