Generic Interfaces in Latin Literature Trends in Classics – Supplementary Volumes Edited by Franco Montanari and Antonios Rengakos Scientific Committee Alberto Bernabé · Margarethe Billerbeck Claude Calame · Philip R. Hardie · Stephen J. Harrison Stephen Hinds · Richard Hunter · Christina Kraus Giuseppe Mastromarco · Gregory Nagy Theodore D. Papanghelis · Giusto Picone Kurt Raaflaub · Bernhard Zimmermann Volume 20 Generic Interfaces in Latin Literature Encounters, Interactions and Transformations Edited by Theodore D. Papanghelis, Stephen J. Harrison and Stavros Frangoulidis DE GRUYTER ISBN 978-3-11-030368-1 e-ISBN 978-3-11-030369-8 ISSN 1868-4785 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Logo: Christopher Schneider, Laufen Printing: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Acknowledgments The present volume brings together twenty-three papers originally delivered at a conference on Latin genre. The conference took place in Thessaloniki (May 2011) and was co-organized by the Department of Classics, Aristotle University, and Corpus Christi College, University of Oxford; all papers included have since been extensively revised. Publication would not have been possible without the invaluable help of our fellow-editor Stephen J. Harrison, who shared with us the task of editing the book. We take here the opportunity to thank all invited speakers, chairpersons, and participants for contributing to an event animated by many stimulating ideas and lively responses. We would also like to thank all colleagues, research assistants, graduate and undergraduate students for helping in various ways with the organization of the conference. Many thanks also go to our sponsors: The Rector of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, The Aristotle University Research Committee, The John S. Latsis Public Benefit Foundation, The University Studio Press, The A. Kardamitsa Pub- lications-Booksellers, The George and Costas Dardanos and D. N. Papademas Publishing Houses. The Aristotle University Research Dissemination Center and the head of its Public Relations Office, Mr. Dimitriοs Katsouras, are to be thanked both for host- ing the conference and for offering much-needed practical help during the con- ference days. Special thanks are also due to the archaeologist Ms. Eleni Benaki, who in- structively guided us through the sacred city of Dion and the area around Mt. Olympus. We are much indebted to our fellow co-organizers: Antonios Rengakos for his manifold support and for including the event in the Trends in Classics con- ference series; and Stephen J. Harrison, our fellow editor, for offering assistance in his capacity as representative of the altera pars of this joint venture, i.e. Cor- pus Christi College, University of Oxford. Last but not least, a special debt of gratitude goes to both Franco Montanari and Antonios Rengakos, General Editors of Trends in Classics, for their constant interest in and support of the project, as well as for readily agreeing to include the volume in the Trends in Classics-Supplementary Volumes series. Theodore D. Papanghelis Stavros Frangoulidis Contents Stephen J. Harrison Introduction 1 General Gregory Hutchinson Genre and Super-Genre 19 Ahuvia Kahane The (Dis)continuity of Genre: A Comment on the Romans and the Greeks 35 Carole Newlands Architectural Ecphrasis in Roman Poetry 55 Therese Fuhrer Hypertexts and Auxiliary Texts: New Genres in Late Antiquity? 79 Epic and Didactic Katharina Volk The Genre of Cicero’s De consulatu suo 93 Robert Cowan Fear and Loathing in Lucretius: Latent Tragedy and Anti-Allusion in DRN 3 113 Andrew Zissos Lucan and Caesar: Epic and Commentarius 135 Marco Fantuzzi Achilles and the improba virgo Ovid, Ars am. 1.681–704 and Statius, Ach. 1.514–35 on Achilles at Scyros 151 Stephen Hinds Claudianism in the De Raptu Proserpinae 169 VIII Contents Philip Hardie Shepherds’ Songs: Generic Variation in Renaissance Latin Epic 193 Pastoral Theodore D. Papanghelis Too Much Semiotics will Spoil the Genre The Pastoral Unscription in Virgil, Ecl. 10.53–4 205 Helen Peraki-Kyriakidou Virgil’s Eclogue 4.60 –3: A Space of Generic Enrichment 217 Evangelos Karakasis Comedy and Elegy in Calpurnian Pastoral: ‘Generic Interplays’ in Calp. 3 231 Other Poetic Genres Stavros Frangoulidis Transformations of Paraclausithyron in Plautus’ Curculio 267 Frances Muecke The Invention of Satire: A Paradigmatic Case? 283 Kirk Freudenburg The Afterlife of Varro in Horace’s Sermones Generic Issues in Roman Satire 297 Richard Hunter One Verse of Mimnermus? Latin Elegy and Archaic Greek Elegy 337 Stratis Kyriakidis The Poet’s Afterlife: Ovid between Epic and Elegy 351 Stephen J. Harrison Didactic and Lyric in Horace Odes 2: Lucretius and Vergil 367 Contents IX Prose Roy K. Gibson Letters into Autobiography: The Generic Mobility of the Ancient Letter Collection 387 Christina Shuttleworth Kraus Is historia aGenre? (With Notes on Caesar’s First Landing in Britain, BG 4.24 –5) 417 Rhiannon Ash Tacitean Fusion: Tiberius the Satirist? 433 David Konstan Apollonius King of Tyre: Between Novel and New Comedy 449 Notes on Contributors 455 Index Locorum 461 General Index 471 Stephen J. Harrison Introduction The conference from which this volume is derived made a clear statement of its concerns in the programme and advance material. ‘Neither older empiricist po- sitions that genre is an abstract concept, useless for the study of individual works of literature, nor the recent (post‐) modern reluctance to subject literary produc- tion to any kind of classification seem to have stilled the discussion on the var- ious aspects of genre in classical literature. Having moved from more or less es- sentialist and/or prescriptive positions towards a more dynamic conception of the generic model, research on genre is currently considering “pushing beyond the boundaries”, “impurity”, “instability”, “enrichment” and “genre-bending”. The aim of the conference is to raise questions of such generic mobility. The pa- pers will explore ways in which works assigned to a particular generic area play host to formal and substantive elements associated with different or even oppos- ing genres; assess literary works which seem to challenge perceived generic norms; highlight, along the literary-historical, the ideological and political back- grounds to “dislocations” of the generic map.’ The key idea here, then, is that of contact between defined literary genres as a dynamic and creative force in Roman literature. Elsewhere I have pursued a particular aspect of this topic, generic enrichment, where a ‘host’ genre includes a ‘guest’ genre and expands its literary horizons, but still remains ultimately within the boundaries of its own original literary kind.¹ In this introduction I will set these themes against the background both of ancient genre theory and of more recent generic ideas, and then turn to a brief account of the individual papers within this framework.² Ancient literary criticism and generic boundaries in Rome Ancient literary criticism attached considerable importance to literary genre, es- pecially writings in the Aristotelian tradition; by the Roman period which is the subject of this volume, the generic self-consciousness and experimentation of 1 See Harrison 2007. 2 In what follows I adopt and develop some elements from the introduction to Harrison 2007. 2 Stephen J. Harrison the poetry of the Hellenistic period, saturated in the post-Aristotelian concern with the classification of literature, had shown both how embedded generic con- cepts were in literary consciousness, and how innovative poets might exploit ge- neric models and expectations by presenting works in which generic interaction and transgression was openly practised and indeed thematised.³ Though the relative vagueness and paucity of Graeco-Roman genre theory has been rightly emphasised,⁴ it is possible to identify at least in general terms the key generic ideas and implicit theory which a Roman reader is likely to have known and applied.⁵ As elsewhere in Western literary theory,⁶ the history of ideas on genre begins effectively with Plato and Aristotle. In the well-known discussion of the morally enervating effects of poetry in the third book of the Re- public (3.394b-c), Plato’s Socrates divides literature into three types according to its mode of narrative presentation: that which presents only speech uttered by characters (e.g. tragedy and comedy), that which presents only the poet report- ing events (e.g. dithyramb,⁷ and lyric in general), and that which is a mixture of both (e.g. epic). This creates the tripartite generic taxonomy of epic, drama and lyric which has been so influential in the Western tradition, and which still fig- ures prominently in generic theory.⁸ Aristotle in the Poetics (1448a) adds the cru- cial further idea of appropriateness: each literary kind has a naturally appropri- ate medium (prose or verse, metre, music, harmony, kind of speech) and appro- priate subject-matter (of fitting length, dignity, realism). Epic, for example, dif- fers from tragedy not in its subject-matter (for it has everything that epic has,