California Phenology Project: species profile for California Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) CPP site(s) where this species is monitored: Golden Gate Naonal Recreaon Area, Santa Monica Mountains Naonal Recreaon Area What does this species look like? This large evergreen tree has a dark grey, stout, short trunk and wide spreading branches. The leathery leaves are shiny on the upper surface and dull on the lower surface, which is covered with fuzzy hairs. The leaf margins are spiny and holly-like. The individuals are monoecious; each tree bears both male and female flowers but the male flowers produce only anthers and the female flowers produce only pis+ls. The yellow-green male flowers are clustered in elongated, drooping catkins that are 4-10 cm long, and the female flowers are clustered in reddish green spikes. When monitoring this species, use the USA-NPN broadleaf evergreen (with pollen) trees and shrubs Photo credit: randomtruth (Flickr) datasheet. Species facts! • The CPP four leNer code for this species is QUAG. • This oak is very fire resistant. Adaptaons to fire include evergreen leaves, thick bark, and the ability to sprout post-fire from the roots, trunk, and upper crown. • Individuals can live up to 250 years. • Suscep+ble to Sudden Oak Death disease. • Wind pollinated. • Each acorn takes a full year to develop from a pollinated flower. Photo credit: randomtruth (Flickr) Where is this species found? • In valleys, slopes, mixed-evergreen forest, and woodlands at elevaons less than 1500 meters. • Endemic to California; found in North Coast Ranges, Central Western California, and SW California. • Occurs on soils ranging from silts and clays to weathered granite. Photo credit: Jerry Kirkhart (Flickr) For more informaon about phenology and the California Phenology Project (CPP), please visit the CPP website (www.usanpn.org/cpp) and the USA-NPN website (www.usanpn.org) Version 3, March 2016 California Phenology Project: species profile for California Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) Breaking leaf Young leaves buds Young leaves are This phenophase can generally thinner and be difficult for this lighter colored than species; remember, mature leaves. you can circle ? if you are unsure of what you are seeing! Frank Crossman Crystal Anderson Flowers or flower Open flowers buds The male flowers will open once the The male inflorescence compact catkin has is a catkin, which is unfolded and is iniLally compact and hanging loosely. sLff, but eventually Female flowers are unfolds, lengthens, and open when the pisLls hangs loosely from the are visible, but will be branch. Female flowers very difficult to see are very small and where they are out of petal-less, emerging reach. Crystal Anderson from the growing stem Bri Weldon When monitoring flower or flower at the point where a When monitoring the proporon of open flowers, esLmate bud abundance for this species, new leaf is aQached. the number of individual flowers that are open, not count each inflorescence as a single inflorescences! For big trees, esLmate proporLons of open flowering structure! flowers for a few branches and extrapolate for the rest of the tree. Fruits Ripe fruits The fruit is an acorn The fruit is ripe when that changes from it is light brown and green to light brown. drops from the plant. Since fruits (acorns) drop from the plant when ripe, do not observe the Ripe Fruits phenophase for this species. (Leave this line on the Ralph WaycoF Ralph WaycoF datasheet blank.) Important Note: NPN flower and fruit phenophases are Instead of recording ripe fruits, observe Recent nested. If you say “Y to “open flowers” you should also fruit or seed drop (as pictured above). have said “Y” to “flowers or flower buds” and if you say “Y” to “ripe fruits” you should also have said “Y” to “fruits” Phenophase not pictured: Pollen release Version 3, March 2016 .