TurkJZool 26(2002)327-332 ©TÜB‹TAK ResearchArticle ChromosomesofOedipodaschochischochi andAcrotylusinsbricus (Orthoptera,Acrididae,Oedipodinae).KaryotypesandC-andG- BandPatterns fiifaTÜRKO⁄LU CumhuriyetUniversity,FacultyofScienceandArt,DepartmentofBiology,Sivas-TURKEY SerdarKOCA CelalBayarUniversity,FacultyofScienceandArt,DepartmentofBiology,Manisa-TURKEY Received:15.10.2001 Abstract: Chromosomes,withdetaliedkaryotypeinformation(number,shape,totallength,relativelength,armratioand centromericindex)andC-andG-bandpatternsoftwospeciesofgrasshoppersbelongingtothesubfamilyOedipodinaeinTurkey aredescribed.Thekaryotypeof Oedipodaschochischochi with2n =25(X0)compriseseightpairsofmetacentric,twopairsof submetacentric,onepairofacrocentricandonepairofsubacrocentricautosomes,whichcomefrom2n =23throughcentric fissionandthemetacentricXchromosome,whileAcrotylusinsbricus with2n =23(X0)possessesmetacentricautosomes,andthe metacentricXchromosome. KeyWords: Oedipodinae,chromosome,C-andG-bandpatterns OedipodaschochischochiveAcrotylusinsbricus’un(Orthoptera,Acrididae,Oedipodinae) Kromozomlar›.Karyotipleri,C-veG-bandÖrnekleri Özet: Oedipodinaealtfamilyas›naaitTürkiyeçekirgelerindenikitürünkromozomlar›,detayl›karyotipbilgileri(say›,flekil,total uzunluk,relatifuzunluk,koloran›,sentromerikindeks)veC-veG-bandörnekleritan›mlanm›flt›r. Oedipodaschochischochi sekiz çiftmetasentrik,ikiçiftsubmetasentrik,birçiftakrosentrik,birçiftsubakrosentrikvemetasentrikXkromozomuiçeren,sen trik fisyonsonucu2n =23denoluflan2n =25(X0)kromozomlubirkaryotipesahiptir,bunakarfl›l›kAcrotylusinsbricus metasentrik otozomvemetasentrikXkromozomuiçeren2n =23(X0)kromozomlubirkaryotipesahiptir. AnahtarSözcükler: Oedipodinae,kromozom,C-veG-bandörnekleri Introduction studycontainsdetailedcytologicalinformationon O. ThefamilyAcrididaeofgrasshoppersischaracterized schochi andA.insbricus.Thekaryotypeanalysisincludes byagreatuniformityinbothchromosomenumberand thenumber,morphologyandrelativelengthof chromosomes,andC-andG-bandingpatterns.The chromosomemorphology,sinceabout90%oftheknown resultsobtained,concerningthenumberof specieshaveakaryotypeconsistingof2n =22+X0 chromosomes,theirstructureandC-andG-banding acrocentricchromosomes(1).WithintheAcrididaethe patterns,andthetypeofsexdetermination,maybeused subfamilyOedipodinaeshowsaremarkableuniformity forestablishingorverifyingthetaxonomicattachmentof withrespecttochromosomenumberbecauseonlya somespecies.Furthermore,thedatagivenmayprovidea centricfusioninsomeTrimerotropinireducesthe basisforfurtherpopulationinvestigations. standard23complementto21.However,chromosome morphologyseemstobemorevariableinthissubfamily sincemanypericentricinversionshavebeenreportedin MaterialsandMethods manyspeciesoftheAmericangenera Trimerotropis and FivemaleandsixfemaleadultsofO.schochischochi Circotettix (1,2)andalsoinSpanishpopulationsof (1884)werecollectedinGaziantep(Turkey) Ailopusstrepens (3)andSphingonotuscoerulans (4). (September,1999).Sixmaleandfourfemaleadultsof OedipodaschochischochiandAcrotylusinsbricus have A.insbricus (1788)werecollectedin‹zmir(Turkey) awidegeographicalrangeinTurkey(5).Thepresent (August,1999). 327 ChromosomesofOedipodaschochischochi andAcrotylusinsbricus (Orthoptera,Acrididae,Oedipodinae).KaryotypesandC-andG-BandPatterns Thekaryologicalpreparationsweremadeaccordingto TheC-bandingpatternwascharacterizedbythe themethoddescribedbyWarchalowska-Sliwa(6).The presenceofaparacentromericblockinallautosomesand slideswereexaminedunderalightmicroscope,and20 intheXchromosome.InterstitialC-bandswerepresentin well-spreadmetaphasefigureswerechosenfor pairs3,4,6,7,8and9(Figures10and11). observation.Someofthesefigureswerephotographed TheG-bandingpatternof A.insbricus isgivenin andorderedinthekaryotypeaccordingtolength.For Figures12and13.Thecentromericareasofall eachchromosome,theshortarm,longarmandtotal chromosomeswereG-negative.Inpair5,aG-bandwas lengthweremeasuredandrecordedusingthese notdetected.Inthedistalportionsofthechromosome karyotypes.Therelativelengths,armratiosand armsofpairs2,6,9and11darkG-bandswerepresent. centromericindexweredeterminedfromthesefindings. TheXchromosomewascompletelyG-positive. ChromosomeswereclassifiedaccordingtoLevanetal. (7). TheC-bandingexaminationwascarriedoutaccording toSumner(8)withaslightmodification.G-bandingwas obtainedwiththemethoddescribedbyZhanetal.(9). Results Oedipodaschochischochi,1884 Allindividualsanalysedshowedthechromosome number2n =25(24A+X0)(FN=48).Atthemitotic metaphaseofthesespecieseightpairsofmetacentric, Fig.1. MitoticmetaphaseofOedipodaschochischochi. twopairsofsubmetacentric,onepairofacrocentricand onepairofsubacrocentricautosomeswerevisible.The metacentricXchromosomewastheeighthelementinthe karyotype(Figures1-3,Table1). TheC-bandingpatterninthemitoticmetaphaseof 123 4 56 thesespecieswascharacterizedbythepresenceof paracentromericC-bandsinallautosomes.Additionally, distalC-bandswerepresentinpairs5,7and8.Inpairs 7and8,interstitialthinC-bandswerefound.Itwas 78910 11 12 x detectedthattheshortarmofpair9wasapositiveC- band.TheXchromosomewasmegameric(Figures4, Fig.2. KaryotypeofOedipodaschochischochi. 5). 18 — TheG-bandingtechnique,whichwasusedtoanalyze 16 — thechromosomesof O.schochischochi,didnotproduce 14 — trueG-bandsinthesenseusedformammalian 12 — chromosomes,sinceasequenceofdarkbandsandlight 10 — interbandswasnotobserved(Figure6). 8 — 6 — Acrotylusinsbricus,1788 Relativelength 4 — Allindividualsanalyzedshowedachromosome 2 — numberwith2n =23(22A+X0)(FN=46).All 0 — autosomesandtheXchromosomeweremetacentric.The 12345678910 11 12 X Xchromosomewasthefifthelementinsize(Figures7-9, Chromosomenumber Table2). Fig.3. IdiogramofOedipodaschochischochi. 328 fi.TÜRKO⁄LU,S.KOCA Table1. Morphometriccharacteristicsofthechromosomesof O.schochischochi. Numberof Totallength(µm) Relativelength Centromericindex Armratio(long:short) Chromosome chromosomepair Mean±S.E. (%of2nset) Mean±S.E. Mean±S.E. morphology 1 29.73±0.74 16.09±0.71 48.63±0.68 1.05±0.02 m 2 25.75±0.50 13.94±0.59 45.85±0.98 1.18±0.04 m 3 21.56±0.62 11.67±0.53 46.13±2.60 1.17±0.12 m 4 18.54±0.32 10.03±0.29 46.19±2.34 1.20±0.13 m 5 16.64±0.89 9.01±0.39 47.90±1.32 1.09±0.05 m 6 14.90±0.62 8.06±0.31 47.00±2.14 1.13±0.10 m 7 12.82±0.44 6.94±0.33 47.43±1.28 1.16±0.05 m 8 8.60±0.55 4.65±0.41 46.10±2.08 1.17±0.09 m 9 7.20±0.45 3.89±0.37 24.52±2.48 3.16±0.44 st 10 6.37±0.25 3.44±0.37 34.44±8.67 2.33±0.88 sm 11 6.35±0.61 3.43±0.18 36.11±7.34 2.00±0.57 sm 12 4.58±0.44 2.48±0.28 - ∞ a X 11.63±0.37 6.29±0.24 49.12±0.88 1.03±0.03 m Total 184.67 m:metacentric,sm:submetacentric,a:acrocentric,st:subacrocentric Fig.4. MitoticmetaphasewithC-bandof Oedipodaschochi Fig.6. MitoticmetaphasewithG-bandof Oedipodaschochi schochi. schochi. 123456 7 8 9 10 11 12 X 10µm Fig.5. MitoticmetaphasewithC-bandof Oedipodaschochi Fig.7. MitoticmetaphaseofA.insbricus. schochi;(→)indicatesdistalC-bands;(•)indicatesintersti- tialC-bands. 329 ChromosomesofOedipodaschochischochi andAcrotylusinsbricus (Orthoptera,Acrididae,Oedipodinae).KaryotypesandC-andG-BandPatterns Table2. Morphometriccharacteristicsofthechromosomesof A.insbricus. Numberof Totallength(µm) Relativelength Centromericindex Armratio(long:short) Chromosome chromosomepair Mean±S.E. (%of2nset) Mean±S.E. Mean±S.E. morphology 1 37.66±0.85 19.59±0.23 49.45±0.54 1.02±0.02 m 2 27.24±0.94 14.17±0.53 48.57±1.05 1.05±0.04 m 3 24.72±0.52 12.86±0.43 48.57±1.05 1.06±0.04 m 4 19.98±0.65 10.39±0.40 48.12±1.02 1.07±0.04 m 5 13.65±0.44 7.10±0.25 48.72±0.64 1.05±0.02 m 6 12.72±0.49 6.61±0.31 44.65±3.68 1.27±0.19 m 7 10.77±0.23 5.60±0.11 44.64±2.18 1.25±0.10 m 8 10.00±0.20 5.20±0.13 44.28±4.99 1.32±0.29 m 9 6.98±0.60 3.63±0.37 47.89±2.10 1.09±0.09 m 10 6.38±0.36 3.32±0.16 50.00±0.00 1.00±0.00 M 11 5.41±0.25 2.81±0.17 50.00±0.00 1.00±0.00 M X 16.65±0.25 8.66±1.10 50.00±0.00 1.00±0.00 M Total 192.16 m-M:metacentric 123456 7 8 9 10 11 X 10µm Fig.8. KaryotypeofA.insbricus. Fig.10. MitoticmetaphasewithC-band. 22 — 20 — 18 — 16 — 14 — 12 — 10 — 123456 8 — Relativelength 6 — 4 — 2 — 0 — 10µm 12345678910 11 X 7 8 9 10 11 X Chromosomenumber Fig.11. MitoticmetaphasewithC-band;(•)indicatesinterstitialC- Fig.9. IdiogramofA.insbricus chromosomes. bands. 330 fi.TÜRKO⁄LU,S.KOCA Inthepresentwork,wefoundthatO.schochischochi has2n =25(X0)chromosomes,whileA.insbricushas 2n =23(X0)chromosomes.Intheliterature, informationconcerningthekaryotypeof O.schochi schochiisabsent. Additionally,theknownspeciesofthefamilyAcrididae ofgrasshoppershaveakaryotypeconsistingof acrocentricchromosomes(1).However,weobserved thatO.schochischochi andA.insbricus haveadifferent chromosomemorphology.Theoriginofthismorphology ofchromosomesisconnectedwithpericentricinversion. Thiskindofrearrangementhasgenerallybeenfoundin Fig.12. MitoticmetaphasewithG-band. grasshoppers(1,16-18),butuntilitnowwasnot observedinOedipodinae. Detaileddata(especiallychromosomenumbers, chromosomemorphology,andG-bandedkaryotypes) havebeenusedtoindicatechromosomalrearrangements inmanygroupsofmammals(19-22).Individual 12345 chromosomescanbeindentifiedonthebasisof morphologicalcharacters(relativesize),centromere position,andsecondaryconstrictions.Inmostspecies, however,chromosomeidentificationdependsonan 67891011X analysisofindividualbandingpatterns.Ingeneral, 10µm bandingcanbeusedindifferentways:(1)toidentify Fig.13. MitoticmetaphasewithG-band. differencesinchromosomesbetweenrelatedspecies;(2) todeducephylogeneticrelationship;(3)toanalysethe Discussion originofthebandsthemselves(23). Agreatkaryotypicconservationismseemsto However,G-banding,whichproducesthemost characterizetheAcrididaecomplementinchromosome informativebandingpatterninmammalian