Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Investing in the Future of Mission-Driven Banks A Guide to Facilitating New Partnerships PUBLISHED BY: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 550 17th Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20429 877-ASK FDIC (877-275-3342) The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) has taken steps to ensure that the information and data presented in this publication are accurate and current. However, the FDIC makes no express or implied warranty about such information or data, and hereby expressly disclaims all legal liability and responsibility to persons or entities that use or access this publication and its content, based on their reliance on any information or data included. The FDIC welcomes comments or suggestions about this publication or our Minority Depository Institutions (MDI) Program. Contact the MDI Program at [email protected]. When citing this publication, please use the following: Investing in the Future of Mission-Driven Banks, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Washington, D.C. (October 2020), https://www.fdic.gov/mdi. Investing in the Future of Mission-Driven Banks A Guide to Facilitating New Partnerships Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 2 Minority Depository Institutions ................................................................................. 2 Community Development Financial Institutions ........................................................ 3 Business Need ................................................................................................................... 4 Strategic Options .............................................................................................................. 8 Capacity-Building Grants and Equity Investments ..................................................... 8 Investment Funds ...................................................................................................... 11 Deposits .................................................................................................................... 12 Technology Support .................................................................................................. 13 Other Partnership Opportunities .............................................................................. 13 Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................................. 14 The Importance of Mission-Driven Banks ..................................................................... 15 MDI Social Impact ...................................................................................................... 15 FDIC Initiatives to Support MDIs and CDFI banks ..................................................... 18 Appendix A: Recent Commitments to Support Mission-Driven Banks ........................... 22 Appendix B: Trade Association Contact List.................................................................... 27 Appendix C: List of Minority Depository Institutions ..................................................... 29 Appendix D: List of CDFI Banks .................................................................................................37 FDIC’s Investing in the Future of Mission-Driven Banks 3 Investing in the Future of Mission-Driven Banks A Guide to Facilitating New Partnerships Executive Summary Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)- institutions. Each method of support will have insured Minority Depository Institutions (MDIs) different implementation timeframes, impacts, and and Community Development Financial Institution potential regulatory or legal requirements. Each (CDFI) banks are banks, savings banks, and mission-driven bank has different needs and may savings associations (collectively, banks) that serve prefer a mix of these strategies based on its unique minority, low- or moderate-income (LMI), and rural business model, strategic plan, history, culture, and communities at higher rates than mainstream banks. financial condition. Such banks are commonly known as “mission-driven banks” because they play a role in transforming Aggregate capital for the 247 MDIs and CDFI banks the lives of underserved citizens and communities insured by the FDIC is less than $40 billion, so a few by making loans and providing other vital banking million dollars of support at any one institution can products and services. Mission-driven banks also have an enormous impact on its operations and the provide safe and affordable financial services to communities it serves. Every dollar of equity capital residents and businesses in these communities. invested can increase lending by a multiple of the original investment. Every dollar of deposits can only Many mission-driven banks are small, and increase lending up to the amount of the deposit. building capacity and scale are critical to growing their operations and expanding services to Depending on the amount of capital the bank’s their communities. The FDIC regularly creates federal supervisory agency requires it to hold, the opportunities for MDIs and CDFI banks to build lending multiple for equity capital investments partnerships with other banks or private companies could be significant, between eight and ten in many for financial support, lending, and other services, circumstances. Grants and other investments may including technical assistance. also qualify for matching funds in existing support programs, and partnerships between private Grants, equity investments, the creation of an companies, philanthropic organizations, or other investment fund, deposits, and technology support banks can greatly expand the investment from the are a few direct ways that private companies or original partner. philanthropic organizations can partner with these FDIC’s Investing in the Future of Mission-Driven Banks 1 Investing in the Future of Mission-Driven Banks A Guide to Facilitating New Partnerships Overview Minority Depository Institutions The FDIC defines an MDI as any federally insured MDIs play a unique role in promoting economic depository institution for which 51 percent or more viability in minority and LMI communities. of the voting stock is owned by minority individuals Preserving, promoting, and building capacity in or a majority of the board of directors is minority, these institutions are high priorities for the FDIC. and the community that the institution serves is The section of this report starting on page 15, “The predominantly minority. Importance of Mission-Driven Banks,” contains more information on the unique role that MDIs play in their As of December 31, 2019, the FDIC insured 144 MDIs communities and describes recent FDIC initiatives to with combined total assets of nearly $249 billion and support these banks. almost 37,000 employees. The FDIC serves as insurer of these banks, and as regulator and supervisor to In 1989, Congress enacted the Financial Institutions 96 MDIs, or two-thirds of all MDIs that are banks. Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act (FIRREA), which The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) recognized that minority banks can play an important and Federal Reserve supervise the remaining one- role in serving the financial needs of historically third of these MDIs, 23 percent and 10 percent, underserved communities and minority populations. respectively. Unlike the 514 MDI credit unions that FIRREA established five goals related to MDIs: can receive direct support from the National Credit Union Administration through its MDI Preservation • Preserve the number of MDIs; Program, the FDIC and other federal banking • Preserve the minority character in cases agencies do not have authority to directly fund of merger or acquisition; insured depository institutions. • Provide technical assistance to prevent insolvency of institutions not now insolvent; The table below shows key information about the MDI industry. It includes information on all FDIC- • Promote and encourage creation of new MDIs; insured MDIs, including those supervised by the OCC and and Federal Reserve. • Provide training, technical assistance, and educational programs for MDIs. To find a specific MDI, visit the FDIC’s MDI and CDFI bank locator. FDIC’s Investing in the Future of Mission-Driven Banks 2 Investing in the Future of Mission-Driven Banks A Guide to Facilitating New Partnerships MDI Industry Profile as of December 31, 2019 ($ in millions) African Asian Hispanic Native Indicator All MDIs American American American American Number of Banks 144 21 73 33 17 Total Assets $248,619 $4,857 $129,267 $109,950 $4,545 Median Asset Size* $339 $106 $408 $467 $199 Total Equity Capital $31,826 $447 $16,301 $14,509 $569 Return on Assets 1.33 0.14 1.45 1.28 0.55 Return on Equity 10.39 1.54 11.53 9.59 4.48 % Unprofitable Banks 14.58% 42.86% 12.33% 3.03% 11.76% * The Hispanic MDI assets and equity capital shown above are for those banks not located in Puerto Rico, and the number of Hispanic MDIs above includes the four Puerto Rican MDIs, which are significantly larger, with $10.9 billion in median assets. Community Development supervises almost 70 percent (95 institutions) of all Financial Institutions CDFI banks, while the OCC supervises 17 percent and The FDIC also supports the activities of insured the Federal Reserve 14 percent. Compared with MDIs, CDFI banks.