GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK UTTAR PRADESH (2014 - 2015) Foreword Groundwater on account of its universal availability, dependability and low capital cost, is the major source of water to meet the requirement of various sector in India. However, with a rapid growth of population and all round development, there is incessant pressure on the ground water withdrawal resulting compulsive awakening in terms of both the quality and quantity. Ground water has an important role in meeting the water requirements of agriculture, industrial and domestic sectors in the state. About 78% percent of irrigation requirements in the Uttar Pradesh state are being met from ground water resources. If the present trend of the increasing demand remains incontrollable, the resource may be as strategic as are the minerals resources. Though in contrast to this, the resource of groundwater as a part of hydrologic cycle is replenishable. The indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater has led to depletion of storage is essential in order to avoid the adverse impact. This could be achieved only after careful monitoring of various inpiuts of hydrological system. Temporal variation in the Ground water system need to be studied for the scientific management of the resource. In view of this Central Ground Water Board, Northern Region, Lucknow has setup a network of 1241 Ground Water Monitoring Wells all over the state to maintain a regular database. The behavior of water level is monitored four times every year in May, August, November and January. To ascertain the hydrochemical behavior of ground water, samples are collected from representative wells once a year during the month of May and samples are analysed in the chemical laboratory of the office. The data thus generated are analysed and subjected to various types of interpretation using dedicated software – GEMS (Ground Water Estimation and Management System). The present report, Ground Water Year Book 2014 -15, is the outcome of efforts made by Dr. R.K. Prasad, Scientist ‘B’ (HM), Sri Anmol Sharma, Assistant Hydrogeologist Puja Mehrotra, Scientist ‘C’ (Chemist), Sri D.N. Arun, Regional Director(retired). Their efforts in compilation of report are praise worthy. The input data is generated by the untiring efforts of technical personnel in the field and chemical lab. It is hoped that the information and data presented will be of immense use to planners and ground water managers associated with the development and management of ground water resources in the state. (Y.B.Kausik) Regional Director 1 GROUND WATER YEAR BOOK UTTAR PRADESH (2014 -15) CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO. FOREWORD 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6-10 1 INTRODUCTION 11-15 2 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE 16 3 CLIMATE & RAINFALL 17-23 4 HYDROGEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 24-25 5 BEHAVIOUR OF WATER LEVELS 26-36 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL DURING 2014-15 May 2014 August 2014 November 2014 January 2015 6 WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS 37-55 6.1 Seasonal Fluctuation During 2014-15 May 2014 – Nov 2014 May 2014– Jan 2015 6.2 Annual Fluctuation During 2014-15 May 2013 – May 14 August 2013 – August 14 November 2013- November 14 January 2014 – January 15 6.3 Decadal Mean Fluctuation During 2014-15 May (2004-2013) – May 2014 August (2004-2013) – August 2014 November (2004-2013) – November 2014 January (2005-2014) – January 2015 7 GROUND WATER QUALITY 56-84 2 TABLES 1. Status of Ground Water Monitoring Wells, U.P. 2. Rainfall 2014 PLATES: I. Location of Ground Water Monitoring Wells, U.P. II. Isochrones of advance of Monsoon 2014 III. Isochrones of Withdrwal of Monsoon 2014 IV. Depth To Water Level Contours, U.P., May’ 2014 V. Depth To Water Level Contours , U.P., August’ 2014 VI. Depth To Water Level Contours, U.P. , November’ 2014 VII. Depth To Water Level Contours, U.P., January’ 2015 VIII. Seasonal Water Level Fluctuation Contours, U.P., May 2014 – Nov 2014 IX. Annual Water Level Fluctuation Contours, U.P., May 2013–14 X. Annual Level Water Fluctuation Contours, U.P., Aug 2013 –14 XI. Annual Water Level Fluctuation Contours, U.P., Nov 2013 –14 XII. Annual Water Level Fluctuation Contours, U.P., Jan 2014 –15 XIII. Decadal Water Level Fluctuation Contours, U.P., Mean May (2004 - 2013) - May 2014 XIV. Decadal Water Level Fluctuation Contours, U.P., Mean Aug (2004 - 2013) - Aug 2014 XV. Decadal Water Level Fluctuation Contours, U.P., Mean Nov (2004 - 2013) - Nov 2014 XVI. Decadal Water Level Fluctuation Contours, U.P., Mean Jan (2005-2014) - Jan 2015. XVII. Pre-monsoon DWL trend map of U.P. for the period 2005 to 2014 XVIII. Post-monsoon DWL trend map of U.P. for the period 2005 to 2014 ANNEXURES: 1. Well-wise Depth to Water Level of Ground Water Monitoring Wells, U.P during May’14, Aug’14, Nov’14, Jan’15 2. Trend of Water Level from 2005 to 2014 of Ground Water Monitoring Wells, U.P 3. Chemical Analysis data of Samples collected from Ground Water Monitoring Wells in Uttar Pradesh, 2014-15 4. Table 3: District-wise Depth To Water Level, U.P., May’ 2014 5. Table 4: District-wise Depth To Water Level , U.P., August’ 2014 3 6. Table 5: District-wise Depth To Water Level, U.P., November’ 2014 7. Table 6: District-wise Depth To Water Level, U.P., January’ 2014 8. Table 7: District-wise Seasonal Water Level Fluctuation, U.P., May 2014- Nov2014 9. Table 8: District-wise Seasonal Water Level Fluctuation, U.P., May 2014 –Jan 2015 10. Table 9: District-wise Annual Water Level Fluctuation, U.P., May 2013 –14 11. Table 10:District-wise Annual Water Level Fluctuation , U.P., Aug 2013 –14 12. Table 11: District-wise Annual Water Level Fluctuation, U.P., Nov 2013 –14 13. Table 12: District-wise Annual Water Level Fluctuation, U.P., Jan 2014 – 15 14. Table 13: District-wise Decadal Water Level Fluctuation, U.P., Mean May (2004 - 2013) - May 2014 15. Table 14: District-wise Decadal Water Level Fluctuation, U.P., Mean Aug (2004 - 2013) - Aug 2014 16. Table 15: District-wise Decadal Water Level Fluctuation, U.P., Mean Nov (2004 - 2013) - Nov 2014 17. Table 16: District-wise Decadal Water Level Fluctuation, U.P., Mean Jan (2005-2014 - Jan 2015. 4 Contributors Dr. R.K.Prasad, Scientist ‘B’ (HM) Anmol Sharma, Assisstant Hydrogeologist Puja Mehrotra, Scientist ‘C’ (Senior Chemist) 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The state of Uttar Pradesh covering an area of 2,40,928 Sq. km. forms a part of the vast Gangetic plain. It is a south easterly sloping flat terrain with a gentle, variable land slope, steeper in western part and flattening eastward. The river Ganga is the major drainage with Yamuna, Ram Ganga, Gomti and Ghagra as its main tributaries. The state is characterized by sub-tropical climate. The average annual rainfall is around 1000 mm, 85% of which occurs during monsoon period. The rainfall is highest in northern and eastern part of the state which gradually decreases towards west and south west. The state consists of two geomorphic units (i) Ganga plains (ii) Bundelkhand plateau. The Ganga plain covers nearly 85% area and is underlain by a thick pile of unconsolidated alluvial sediments of Quaternary age overlying the Precambrian basement. These sediments consist of sands of different grades with clay, silt and occasional gravel and kankar. The southern part of the state comprises of hard rocks of Bijawar and Vindhyan groups. The alluvium forms a very rich reservoir of ground water. The exploratory data have shown that ground water occurs in a multiple aquifer system which can broadly be divided into four groups. The shallow aquifer is being extensively exploited and hence is under heavy stress. The plentiful availability of ground water in the state has led to high level of development in certain parts of the state. The monitoring of hydrological regime is of utmost importance for a scientific and planned management of the resource. Central Ground water Board has been monitoring the ground water regime since 1969 and has generated a vast database to understand the behavior of water levels in response to recharge to ground water storage or withdrawal from it. The data is being analysed and reported annually. The present report is one in the series. There are 1241 Ground Water Monitoring Wells as on 01.4.14 out of which 298 are piezometers and 943 open dug wells. The observed number of data varies from season to season on account of problems of approachability to site. The depth to water level was found to vary from season to season over the state. The percentage of wells showing water level depth of different range during the year is summarised below: 6 DEPTH RANGE (m) No. and Percentage of wells May’14 Aug’14 Nov’14 Jan’15 0-2 22(2.1%) 189(19.6%) 121(12.9%) 66(8.6%) 2-5 391(37.6%) 333(34.6%) 354(37.8%) 312(40.6%) 5-10 404(38.9%) 262(27.2%) 270 (28.8%) 249(32.4%) 10-20 180(17.3%) 143(14.8%) 151(16.1%) 111(14.5%) >20 39(3.7%) 32(3.3%) 38(4%) 27(3.5%) The different range of depth to water level in different seasons show that ground water was recharged due to rainfall infiltration during monsoon. During the monsoon period (Aug’14) water levels of less than 2 mbgl is observed at 19.6% of the wells causing water logging in canal command areas. The number of wells showing water level in the range 2-5 m decreased in Aug’14 and increased in Nov’14. The number of wells showing water level in the range 5-10 m reduces in Aug’14 and further increases in Nov’14.The deep water level area remained stable indicating very less immediate response to rainfall.