Photo front cover: nearDogdore. collectsmall fishinapool thewaddi UNHCR /H.Caux2007, Displaced Chadian women Photo back cover:Photo back Roald Høvring/NRC, to anIDPcamp inDarfur. briging back wood Women Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons Global Protection Cluster Working Group March 2010 Foreword This Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons represents one of the principal tools of the Global Protection Cluster, and is based on extensive contributions from a wide range of protection actors from all sides of the spectrum. The provisional release of this Handbook in 2008 was warmly received by humanitarian, human rights and development actors in a large number of countries facing the challenge of internal displacement. Donor countries have also commended this effort to produce a practical tool that reflects the current guidance, standards and thinking in the area of IDP protection. The effectiveness of any tool is, of course, judged by the frequency of its use by practitioners in the field. We hope that the current version of the Handbook fulfils its purpose as a major source of guidance for the protection of the internally displaced and that it serves to enhance their protection, irrespective of their location or the causes of their displacement. Following an initial roll out and field testing exercise, the Handbook now benefits from the experience and input of some 107 organizations and entities in 18 countries. It is a living document and will continue to be updated in order to reflect the continuous evolution of policy and thinking in this domain. The Handbook will be published in four languages initially. It will be constantly updated in its online version posted on the OneResponse website. Agencies and other interested actors in country operations and headquarters are, therefore, encouraged to continue sharing their suggestions and inputs with [email protected]. Ruven Menikdiwela Global Protection Cluster Coordinator Deputy Director, Division of International Protection, UNHCR iii Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons List of Abbreviations International and Regional Legal Instruments International Human Rights Law CAT Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) CED International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearances (2007) CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) CMW International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (1990) CPD Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) CPPCG Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948) CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) CRSS Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (1954) CRS Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (1961) ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) ICERD International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965) ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) Trafficking in Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Persons Protocol Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) International Criminal Law ICC Statute/ Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998) Rome Statute ICTR Statute Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (1994) ICTY Statute Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (1993) iv Regional Human Rights Law AmCHR American Convention on Human Rights (1992) AmDHR American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948) AfCHPR African [Banjul] Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (1981) AfCRWC African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990) ArCHR Arab Charter on Human Rights, Council of the League of Arab States (1994) Cairo Declaration Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (1990) ECHR European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights) (1950) ESC European Social Charter (revised), Council of Europe (1996) Protocol 1 Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and to ECHR Fundamental Freedoms Protocol 4 Protocol No. 4 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights to ECHR and Fundamental Freedoms International Humanitarian Law CCW 1980 United Nations Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects. Hague Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and Convention IV its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land (1907) Hague Regulations Regulations Respecting the Laws and Customs of war on Land annexed to Hague Convention (II) of 1899 and Hague Convention (IV) of 1907. v Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons Table of Contents Introduction Introduction to the Handbook.................................................................1 Part I Overview................................................................................................5 Foundations 1. Key concepts and approaches........................................................6 of IDP 2. The legal framework .....................................................................18 Protection 3. The international institutional framework ......................................42 4. National actors..............................................................................66 Part II Overview..............................................................................................81 Attitudes and 1. Attitudes........................................................................................82 Skills 2. Skills .............................................................................................87 Part III Overview............................................................................................113 Protection 1. Situation analysis and protection assessment (Step 1) ..............115 Strategy and 2. Setting protection outcomes and objectives (Step 2)..................121 Response 3. Designing and implementing protection activities (Step 3) .........124 4. Monitoring and evaluating protection impact (Step 4) ................125 5. Developing and implementing a joint protection strategy ...........131 Part IV Overview............................................................................................135 Protection Threats to fundamental human rights and freedoms Risks: 1. Forced displacement...................................................................136 Prevention, 2. Threat to life, safety and security................................................146 Mitigation 3. Landmines and explosive remnants of war.................................159 and Response 4. Gender-based violence...............................................................167 5. Children associated with armed forces or armed groups............181 6. Threat to liberty and freedom of movement................................194 7. Family separation .......................................................................203 8. Human trafficking........................................................................215 9. Loss of civil status and nationality...............................................224 Limited enjoyment of other rights and basic services 10. Shelter ........................................................................................235 11. Food aid and nutrition .................................................................247 12. Water and sanitation...................................................................255 13. Health .........................................................................................263 14. HIV prevention and treatment.....................................................270 15. Education....................................................................................281 16. Livelihoods..................................................................................291 17. Land and property.......................................................................301 18. Justice.........................................................................................312 19. Political participation and the right to vote ..................................329 Part V Overview............................................................................................337 Activities and 1. Profiling of internally displaced persons .....................................338 Tools for 2. Protection monitoring..................................................................346 Protection 3. Advocacy ....................................................................................357 4. Humanitarian access and presence............................................366 5. Humanitarian assistance.............................................................375 6. Coordination and management of camps and collective settings ...384 7. Disseminating information ..........................................................393 8. Legal assistance and advice.......................................................400 9. Capacity building ........................................................................407