University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2013 The Politics Of The Righteous: A Religious And Political History Of Conservative Neo-evangelicals In Central Florida Rustin Lloyd University of Central Florida Part of the Public History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Lloyd, Rustin, "The Politics Of The Righteous: A Religious And Political History Of Conservative Neo- evangelicals In Central Florida" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2652. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2652 THE POLITICS OF THE RIGHTEOUS: A RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF POLITICALLY ACTIVE CONSVERVATIVE NEO-EVANGELICALS IN CENTRAL FLORIDA by RUSTIN B. LLOYD M.A. University of Central Florida, 2013 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2013 Major Professor: Richard Crepeau ©2013 Rustin B. Lloyd ii ABSTRACT In 1953 a small, seemingly insignificant, church was founded in Winter Park, Florida. By the early 1970s, Calvary Assembly of God, a church that had started with a dirt floor, was declared one of the fastest growing churches in America with membership easily reaching over several thousands.1 In the late 1970s and 1980s, it became a major religious and political force in central Florida so much so that it had received visits from then presidential hopefuls Pat Robertson and Vice President George Bush. The changes that took place at Calvary Assembly, both politically and religiously, provided a microcosm of the rest of the nation, while at the same time, these changes made Calvary a leader within the charismatic neo-evangelical subculture. The incredible growth of Calvary Assembly is part of a larger narrative on the expansion of neo- evangelicalism, and more specifically, the charismatic movement in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as, the growth of central Florida. As a result of their growth Calvary was able to launch, and participate in, many programs on both the local and national level. Religious orthodoxies seeped into the political and social thought of those at Calvary, which influenced, and helped to explain, how the church became politically active. Part I examines the growth of Calvary within the context of the growth of Central Florida and the growth of the charismatic movement, This section will include the founding of Charisma 1 Stephen Strang, “Calvary Assembly-Fastest Growing Sunday School in the U.S.,” Pentecostal Evangel, July 30, 1978, 6. iii magazine, major national events such as the Jesus Festivals, and the impact of charismatic revivalists. The impact of Calvary on the local community is another part of the story. Part II addresses the political bloc Calvary produced in central Florida. The church participated in and influenced national rallies such as “Washington for Jesus.” It shared its political views with central Florida through bulletins like Insight, which addressed moral issues like pornography, homosexuality, education and abortion. Calvary also used events like Freedom Celebration, and articles in Charisma to promote its views on American freedom. As a result local and national politicians and political groups recognized Calvary Assembly as a political powerhouse. Another part of the story is that Calvary and central Florida represented the local side of a national story on evangelicalism and national politics. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge the people that made this thesis possible. My adviser, Dr. Richard Crepeau, demonstrated his ability to adapt and patience as I came to him with different adjustments to my thesis. The other members of my thesis committee, Dr. Peter Larson and Dr. John Sacher encouraged my research by displaying genuine interest in my topic. Dr. Michael Hammond provided immeasurable support toward the content of my thesis. His assurance that I had a topic worth exploring kept me writing even when I was discouraged. Lastly I would like to thank the individuals that assisted me during my research. Debbie Carrie, Jack Norman, Gene Pelino, Patty VanCleave, Dennis Shear, and Dr. George Cope provided the materials and interviews that made this thesis possible. v TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 Evangelicalism ............................................................................................................................ 1 Neo-Evangelicalism .................................................................................................................... 3 Pentecostal Movement ................................................................................................................ 6 Religious Right ......................................................................................................................... 11 PART I-AN UNSTOPPABLE FORCE ........................................................................................ 13 The Church with a Dirt Floor .................................................................................................... 13 Married to the Mouse—Walt Disney and the Growth of Orlando ........................................... 14 Brother Harthern—We Don’t Bowl—We’re Holiness People ................................................. 17 Something’s Happening Here ................................................................................................... 18 Charisma ................................................................................................................................... 21 The Dream ................................................................................................................................ 28 Harvest 81 ................................................................................................................................. 35 The Controversy ........................................................................................................................ 37 The Tragedy .............................................................................................................................. 39 Wounded, But Not Defeated ..................................................................................................... 41 PART II-POLITICS OF THE RIGHTEOUS ............................................................................... 46 The Crook and The Strategist ................................................................................................... 46 “Pray for America, America” ................................................................................................... 48 The Peanut Farmer .................................................................................................................... 49 Cause For Celebration—One Nation Under God ..................................................................... 51 Evangelicals and Carter: The Creation of Hopeful Cynics ....................................................... 54 vi The Reagan Transformation ..................................................................................................... 57 Washington for Jesus ................................................................................................................ 61 A Cautious Hope ....................................................................................................................... 66 The Right Education ................................................................................................................. 67 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 76 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 79 vii INTRODUCTION Evangelicalism Since its founding America has had a unique merging of Christianity, culture, and politics. However, over the last fifty years this role has changed dramatically as evangelicals reentered the world of conservative politics. In particular American evangelicals have experienced a growth in recognition among mainstream Americans. Many confuse fundamentalist Christians and evangelical Christians although they are two distinct groups. When referring to American evangelicals it is important to define what “evangelical” means. Evangelicalism is not like other Christian “isms” such as Catholicism or Pentecostalism because it does not have many well-defined boundaries. “All discussions of evangelicalism, therefore, are always both descriptions of the way things really are as well as efforts within our own minds to provide some order for a multifaceted, complex set of impulses and organizations.”2 One of the best-known definitions of evangelicalism centers on conversionism, activism, biblicism, and crucicentrism. These four elements were part of a “quadrilateral” that created the foundation for evangelicalism.3 In other words evangelicalism