e-ISSN: 2149-9020 BOR DERGİSİ JOURNAL OF BORON CİLT VOL 02 SAYI ISSUE 02 YIL YEAR 2017 Ulusal Bor Araştırma Enstitüsü Adına Sahibi Owner on Behalf of National Boron Research Institute Başkan/President Dr. Abdulkerim Yörükoğlu Baş Editör/Editor in Chief Dr. Metin Gürü (Ankara, Türkiye) Editörler/Editors Dr. Ali Rehber Türker (Ankara, Türkiye) Dr. Fatih Akkurt (Ankara, Türkiye) DANIŞMA KURULU ADVISORY BOARD Dr. A. Nusret Bulutçu (İstanbul, Türkiye) Dr. Mehmet Sankır (Ankara, Türkiye) Dr. Ali Karaduman (Ankara, Türkiye) Dr. Mehmet Suat Somer (İstanbul, Türkiye) Dr. Atakan Peker (Washington, USA) Dr. Mehmet Sabri Çelik (İstanbul, Türkiye) Dr. Arun K. Chattopadhyay ( Pittsburgh, USA) Dr. Murat Bilen (Ankara, Türkiye) Dr. Ayhan Mergen (İstanbul, Türkiye) Dr. Mustafa Barış (Ankara, Türkiye) Dr. Bilal Demirel (Kayseri, Türkiye) Dr. Nuran Ay (Eskişehir, Türkiye) Dr. Cahit Helvacı (İzmir, Türkiye) Dr. Olcay Şendil (Ankara, Türkiye) Dr. Çetin Çakanyıldırım (Çorum, Türkiye) Dr. Osman Okur (Kocaeli, Türkiye) Dr. Duygu Ağaoğulları (İstanbul, Türkiye) Dr. Rasim Yarım (Friedrichshafen, Germany) Dr. Erol Pehlivan (Konya, Türkiye) Dr. Sait Gezgin (Konya, Türkiye) Dr. Gülhan Özbayoğlu (Ankara, Türkiye) Dr. Sedat Sürdem (Ankara, Türkiye) Dr. Hatem Akbulut (Sakarya, Türkiye) Dr. Şafak Gökhan Özkan (İstanbul, Türkiye) Dr. İhsan Efeoğlu (Erzurum, Türkiye) Dr. Şener Oktik (İstanbul, Türkiye) Dr. İsmail Çakmak (İstanbul, Türkiye) Dr. Şükrü Dursun (Konya, Türkiye) Dr. İsmail Duman (İstanbul, Türkiye) Dr. Yuri Grin (Dresden, Germany) Dr. İsmail Girgin (Ankara, Türkiye) Dr. Zafer Evis (Ankara, Türkiye) Dr. Zeynel Kılıç (Ankara, Türkiye) Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü Manager of Publication Yayıncı/Publisher Beyhan Sayın Ulusal Bor Araştırma Enstitüsü (BOREN) Bilgi Toplama, İdari ve Mali İşler Koordinatörü e-mail: [email protected] İletişim/Contact Dumlupınar Bulvarı (Eskişehir Yolu 7. km), Basım Tarihi/Publication Date: 30/09/2017 No:166 Kat:10, 06520, Ankara Matbaa/Printing: Aydili Tasarım & Tanıtım Tel: (0312) 219 81 50 Adres: Mebusevleri Mah. Turgut Reis Cad. No:16/1 Faks: (0312) 219 80 55 Çankaya /ANKARA e-mail: [email protected] Tel: 0312 221 06 38 Faks: 0312 221 06 99 web: http://dergipark.gov.tr/boron BOR Dergisi uluslararası hakemli bir dergidir. BOR Dergisi ULAKBİM TR Dizin ve Google Scholar tarafından indekslenmektedir. Yılda iki defa yayımlanır. Derginin yazım kılavuzuna, telif hakkı devir formuna ve yayınlanan makalelere http://dergipark.gov.tr/boron adresinden ulaşabilirsiniz. / Journal of BORON is International refereed journal. Journal of BORON is indexed by ULAKBIM TR Indexed and Google Scholar. Published twice a year. Please visit the Journal website http://dergipark.gov.tr/boron for writing rules, copyright form and published articles. ANKARA EYLÜL 2017 / SEPTEMBER 2017 e-ISSN: 2149-9020 ULUSAL BOR ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ ISSN: 2149-9020 NATIONAL BORON RESEARCH INSTITUTE BOR DE RGİSİ JOURNAL OF BORON CİLT/VOL SAYI/ISSUE YIL/YEAR 02 02 20 17 BOR DERGİSİ JOURNAL OF BORON http://dergipark.gov.tr/boron İÇİNDEKİLER/CONTENTS Borate deposits: An overview and future forecast with regard to mineral deposits ..................................................................................................................................................Cahit Helvacı 59 Synthesis and characterization of multi-functional material MoBP3O12 .................................................................................................Gülşah Çelik Gül, Figen Kurtuluş, Halil Güler 71 Mikrodalga enerjisinin kolemanit cevherinin ufalanmasına ve flotasyonuna etkisi ......................................................................................İsmail Demir, Can Güngören, Şafak Gökhan Özkan 75 Borojipsin diamonyum hidrojen fosfat çözeltilerinde çözünürlüğünün incelenmesi .........................................................Havva Mumcu Şimşek, Rövşen Guliyev, Ayşe Vildan Beşe, Hacer İçen 82 Review on magnesium diboride (MgB2) as excellent superconductor: Effects of the production techniques on the superconducting properties .......................................................................Mehran Rafieazad, Özge Balcı, Selçuk Acar, Mehmet Somer 87 In-situ formation of borides and enhancement of powder metallurgy properties ..............................................................Arun K. Chattopadhyay, Mustafa Barış, Tuncay Şimşek, Murat Bilen 97 Alternating current electrophoretic deposition of HA and hBN nanoparticles on Ti substrate ......................................................................................................Merve Geçgin, Yapıncak Göncü, Nuran Ay 102 BORON 2 (2), 59 - 70, 2017 ULUSAL BOR ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ ISSN: 2149-9020 NATIONAL BORON RESEARCH INSTITUTE BOR DE RGİSİ JOURNAL OF BORON CİLT/VOL SAYI/ISSUE YIL/YEAR 02 02 20 17 BOR DERGİSİ JOURNAL OF BORON http://dergipark.gov.tr/boron Borate deposits: An overview and future forecast with regard to mineral deposits Cahit Helvacı* Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 35160 Buca/İzmir, Turkey, ORCID ID orcid.org/0000-0002-8659-1141 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The element boron does not exist freely by itself in nature, it occurs in combination Received 9 March 2017 with oxygen and other elements in salts, commonly called “borates”. Over 250 Received in revised form 23 June 2017 boron-bearing minerals have been identified, the most common being sodium, Accepted 29 June 2017 calcium, or magnesium salts. Boron is a rare element in the nature (average Available online 25 September 2017 content in the Earth’s crust is 10 ppm), but extraordinary concentrations can be Research Article found in certain places. The formation of borate deposits can be summarized as follows; (1) a skarn group associated with intrusive and consisting of silicates and Keywords: iron oxides; (2) a magnesium oxide group hosted by marine evaporitic sediments; Borate basins, (3) a sodium– and calcium–borate hydrates group associated with lacustrine Borate deposits, (playa lake) sediments and explosive volcanic activity. Borate formation, Overview of deposits, Borate is defined as any compound that contains or supplies boric oxide (B2O3). A Future forecast large number of minerals contain boric oxide, but the four that are most important from a worldwide commercial standpoint which are borax, kernite, ulexite, and colemanite. These are produced in a limited number of countries, and Turkey has largest borax, ulexite and colemanite reserves in the world. All the countries are dependent upon colemanite and ulexite reserves of Turkey. Borate exploration consists of detailed prospecting of favorable areas followed by drilling, and uses all the tools available to the exploration geologist. Most of the world’s commercial borate deposits are mined by open pit methods. Brines from Searles Lake, and presumably the Chinese sources, are recovered by either controlled evaporation or carbonation. Boric acid is one of the final products produced from most of the processes. Detail mineralogical and advanced chemical data on the individual borate minerals and associated minerals (such as clay and lithium minerals) will increase the knowledge of borate end-products and their incomes as well as creating new gateways to the high technology and research on the borate minerals. These types studies will be extremely important for borate and related mineral industry. Very few modern industries can get by without borates, and very few people can get by without their products. When you consider the role boron plays in plant life, and by extension, all life, it’s hard to imagine our world without it. Therefore, borates and their products could be one of the main topics for sustainable development in whole world. 1. Introduction the formation of economically viable borate deposits in playa-lake volcano-sedimentary sediments: (1) for- Borates are an unusually large grouping of minerals, mation of playa-lake environment; (2) concentration but the number of commercially important borates is of boron in the playa lake, sourced from andesitic to limited, and their chemistry and crystal structure are both unusual and complex. The accounts of the early rhyolitic volcanic, direct ash fall into the basin, or hy- exploration, mining, and processing of borates are drothermal solutions along faults; (3) thermal springs fascinating, because their remote locations often led near the area of volcanism; (4) arid to semi-arid climat- to unusual difficulties, and hardships in recovering the ic conditions; and (5) lake water with a pH of between desired products. Specific conditions are essential for 8.5 and 12. *corresponding author: [email protected] 59 Helvacı C. / BORON 2 (2), 59 - 70, 2017 Boron’s chemistry and reactivity are fascinating be- Tibet (Central Asia). Generally, the origin of borate cause they form a wide variety of oxygen compounds deposits is related with Cenozoic volcanism, hydro- that occur in an essentially unending variety of simple thermal spring activity, closed basins and arid climate. to exceedingly complex molecules. The borates are Borax is the major commercial source of boron, with among the most interesting of the world’s industrial major supplies coming from Turkey, USA and Argen- minerals, having been known and used since the earli- tina whereas kernite is main product from the Kramer est recorded history, first for precious metal working deposit in USA. Colemanite, large-scale production of and later in ceramics [1,2]. main calcium borate, is restricted to Turkey. Datolite