The Journal of Plastination The official publication of the International Society for Plastination ISSN 2311-7761 IN THIS ISSUE: Influence of the Temperature on the Viscosity of Different Types of Silicone – p4 A Comparison of Different De-plastination Methodologies for Preparing Histological Sections – p10 Biomechanical Analysis of The Skin and Jejunum of Dog Cadavers Subjected To A New Anatomical Preservation Technique For Surgical Teaching – p16 Bleaching of Specimens Before Dehydration in Plastination: A Small-scale Pilot Study Using Human Intestine – p24 General Issues of Safety in Plastination – p27 Volume 30 (1); July 2018 The Journal of Plastination ISSN 2311-7761 ISSN 2311-777X online The official publication of the International Society for Plastination Editorial Board: Rafael Latorre Philip J. Adds Murcia, Spain Editor-in-Chief Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education Scott Lozanoff (Anatomy) Honolulu, HI USA St. George’s, University of London London, UK Ameed Raoof. Ann Arbor, MI USA Robert W. Henry Associate Editor Mircea-Constantin Sora Department of Comparative Medicine Vienna, Austria College of Veterinary Medicine Hong Jin Sui Knoxville, Tennessee, USA Dalian, China Selcuk Tunali Carlos Baptista Assistant Editor Toledo, OH USA Department of Anatomy Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara, Turkey Executive Committee: Rafael Latorre, President Dmitry Starchik, Vice-President Selcuk Tunali, Secretary Carlos Baptista, Treasurer Instructions for Authors Manuscripts and figures intended for publication in The Journal of Plastination should be sent via e-mail attachment to: [email protected]. Manuscript preparation guidelines are on the last two pages of this issue. On the Cover: Right atrium of a plastinated human heart showing pectinate muscles and portion of the crista terminalis visualized by trans illumination. Specimen from the collection of the Liberato Didio and Peter Goldblatt Interactive Museum of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Toledo. Photography courtesy of Dr. Telma Masuko. The Journal of Plastination 30(1):1 (2018) Journal of Plastination Volume 30 (1); July 2018 Contents Letter from the President, Rafael Latorre 2 Letter from the Editor, Philip J. Adds 3 Influence of the Temperature on the Viscosity of Different Types of Silicone; Athelson S. 4 Bittencourt, Yuri F. Monteiro, Laissa da S. Juvenato, et al A Comparison of Different De-plastination Methodologies for Preparing Histological Sections 10 of Material Plastinated with Biodur® S10 / S3; M. L. Ramos, et al Biomechanical Analysis of The Skin And Jejunum Of Dog Cadavers Subjected To A New 16 Anatomical Preservation Technique For Surgical Teaching; T.A. Rocha, C. Santos, A. Fechis, F. Oliveira, et al Bleaching of specimens before dehydration in plastination: a small-scale pilot study using 24 human intestine; Jie-Ru Chen, Hong-Jin Sui General Issues of Safety in Plastination, V. K. Schill 27 Instructions for Authors 37 The Journal of Plastination 30(1):2 (2018) LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT Dear Friends and Plastinators: It is with great pleasure that I present to you Volume 30, Issue 1, of the Journal of Plastination. I would like to thank the reviewers for taking their time to review the manuscripts. In this issue, we present remarkable papers. The first paper from Dr. Bittencourt is about the viscosity of different silicones for plastination, and the importance of considering their physicochemical characteristics and dynamic viscosity, before choosing the ideal silicone for our particular needs. The second study is about deplastination for histology studies, from Dr. Moema Lopes Ramos. It presents a very interesting result: that it is possible to produce histological sections directly from plastinated specimens, without previous deplastination, at least in the three tissues tested. The third paper, presented by Dr. Rocha, describes a new protocol Rafael Latorre, DVM, for tissue preservation, focused on surgical training applications. The fourth paper PhD of this issue is a very concise work presented by Dr. Sui, about the specific effects of bleaching before plastination on the final appearance of the specimens. The last paper, about General Issues of Safety in Plastination, by Mr. Volker Schill, is a very important paper for all of us. We all are worry if we do not have a proper vacuum pump or a good impregnation chamber for instance, however, we are not always alert about how to work in a healthy ambience in our plastination lab. This paper helps us to be aware of the potential hazards of the chemicals that we are working with every single day. I would like to welcome all new members of the International Society for Plastination (ISP) and to invite all of you to participate in the Journal of Plastination. Please, share with us your results, and your expertise in plastination and other anatomical techniques. With best regards from Murcia, Spain Rafael Latorre President The Journal of Plastination 30(1):3 (2018) LETTER FROM Dear Colleagues, THE EDITOR Thank you to those who have submitted manuscripts to the Journal. We are pleased to publish five new papers in this issue, on topics ranging from safety in the laboratory, to technical reports on the plastination process. The world-wide reach of this technology is evidenced by the fact that the papers in this issue come from Brazil, China and Germany, with three coming from teams working in Brazil. My main priority for next year is to get the Journal indexed. We have made changes to the journal in the light of feedback we received from the National Library of Medicine, which should help in making a strong case for getting the journal indexed on Medline in the near future. In the meantime, I have submitted an application to Scopus and Embase. “Over 8,500 journals are currently indexed in Embase, and each year several hundred additional journals of potential interest are screened by an editorial committee entrusted with the Philip J. Adds, MSc, FIBMS, review and quality assessment of biomedical publications for Embase.”1 SSFHEA Scopus is the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature: scientific journals, books and conference proceedings, covering over 36,000 titles.2 The review process, however, is not fast, and it can take many months from application to actual inclusion. The acknowledgement email from Scopus advised us to allow a minimum period of 6-12 months for the review process to be completed. Yesterday I received the following message in response to my request for an update: “The title Journal of Plastination is in the final phase of the evaluation process and we are now waiting for the final decision of our Content Selection & Advisory Board (CSAB). Once the outcome of the evaluation by the CSAB is available, you will be contacted by us again. We appreciate your patience in this matter.” I hope to be able to report more positive news in the next issue. Best wishes, Philip J Adds Editor-in-Chief References 1. https://www.elsevier.com/solutions/embase-biomedical-research/journal-title- suggestion?sb=1508153513999 2. https://www.elsevier.com/en-gb/solutions/scopus The Journal of Plastination 30 (1): 4-9 (2018) ORIGINAL Influence of the Temperature on the Viscosity of Different RESEARCH Types of Silicone YURI F. MONTEIRO1*, ABSTRACT: LAISSA DA S. JUVENATO1, The objective of this work was to test the influence of temperature on the viscosity of three ANA PAULA S. V. silicones of different molecular weights (Biodur® S10, Polisil® P10 and P1) commonly BITTENCOURT2,3, used in the plastination technique. For the study, the RheolabQC model rotational BRUNO M.M. SIQUEIRA2, rheometer was used to measure the dynamic viscosities of the chosen polymers at the FLÁVIO C. MONTEIRO2, following temperatures: -5, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C. From the 9 measurements CARLOS A C BAPTISTA4, of viscosities obtained from each sample, a viscosity vs. temperature graph was ATHELSON S. constructed. The equation of the dynamic viscosity curve of each polymer was analyzed. 1,2* BITTENCOURT Polisil® P1 silicone had a much lower viscosity compared to other silicones (about 80 mPa.s at 25 °C and 550 mPa.s at -25 °C). Polisil® P10 silicone presented the highest viscosity of the polymers analyzed (approximately 1180 mPa.s at 25 °C and 3730 mPa.s Department of Morfology, at -25 °C). The Biodur®'s S10 silicone showed an intermediate viscosity (about 410 Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil mPa.s at 25 ° C and 1500 mPa.s at -25 °C). We conclude that Polisil® P1 silicone presented the best physico-chemical characteristics of the tested silicones for plastination, because it has high fluidity and low viscosity. It is noteworthy that the viscosity of Polisil® P1 in cold impregnation temperature (-15 °C) is still lower than the viscosity of the Biodur® S10 (control) at room temperature (20-25 °C). We also conclude that the knowledge of the intrinsic and extrinsic physicochemical characteristics of the silicone and its dynamic viscosity is helpful in choosing the ideal silicone for use in the cold or room temperature plastination techniques. KEY WORDS: Viscosity, PDMS, temperature, silicone, plastination * Correspondence to: Athelson S Bittencourt, Federal University of Espirito Santo Health Sciences Center, Marechal Campos Avenue, 1468 Maruipe, Vitoria- ES, Brazil Zip code: 29.043-900, Fax: +55 27 33357358, [email protected] Introduction Silicones, technically, are polymers that can be obtained basically in three steps: synthesis of chlorosilanes, The term silicone, or polysiloxane, was created in 1901 to hydrolysis of chlorosilanes to silanols and polymerization describe mixed polymers of organic and inorganic of silanols. The first step occurs in a fluidized bed of metal materials, whose crude formula is [R2SiO]n, where R are silicon powder treated with a flow of chloromethane, organic groups such as methyl, ethyl and phenyl. These generally at temperatures of 250 to 350 °C and pressures polymers are inert, odorless, insipid and resistant to of 1 to 5 atm.