Global Burden and Challenges of Melioidosis Edited by Direk Limmathurotsakul and David AB Dance Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease www.mdpi.com/journal/tropicalmed Global Burden and Challenges of Melioidosis Global Burden and Challenges of Melioidosis Special Issue Editors Direk Limmathurotsakul David AB Dance MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Direk Limmathurotsakul David AB Dance Mahidol University Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Thailand Research Unit (LOMWRU) Laos Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www. mdpi.com/journal/tropicalmed/special issues/melioidosis) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-742-1 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-743-8 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Stephen Rudgard. c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... ix Preface to ”Global Burden and Challenges of Melioidosis” ..................... xi David AB Dance and Direk Limmathurotsakul Global Burden and Challenges of Melioidosis Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 13, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010013 .............. 1 Ivo Steinmetz, Gabriel E. Wagner, Estelle Kanyala, Mamadou Sawadogo, Hema Soumeya, Mekonnen Teferi, Emawayish Andargie, Biruk Yeshitela, Louise Yaba Ats´e-Achi, Moussa Sanogo, et al. Melioidosis in Africa: Time to Uncover the True Disease Load Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 13, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3020062 .............. 4 Simon Smith, Josh Hanson and Bart J. Currie Melioidosis: An Australian Perspective Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 27, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010027 .............. 13 Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury, Shariful Alam Jilani, Lovely Barai, Tanjila Rahman, Mili Rani Saha, Robed Amin, Kaniz Fatema, K. M. Shahidul Islam, M. A. Faiz, Susanna J. Dunachie and David A. B. Dance Melioidosis in Bangladesh: A Clinical and Epidemiological Analysis of Culture-Confirmed Cases Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 40, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3020040 .............. 24 Ketan Pande, Khairul Azmi Abd Kadir, Rosmonaliza Asli and Vui Heng Chong Melioidosis in Brunei Darussalam Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 20, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010020 .............. 35 Sotharith Bory, Frances Daily, Gaetan Khim, Joanne Letchford, Srun Sok, Hero Kol, Muy Seang Lak, Luciano Tuseo, Chan Vibol, Sopheap Oeng and Paul Turner A Report from the Cambodia Training Event for Awareness of Melioidosis (C-TEAM), October 2017 Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 23, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010023 .............. 47 Trung T. Trinh, Linh D. N. Nguyen, Trung V. Nguyen, Chuong X. Tran, An V. Le, Hao V. Nguyen, Karoline Assig, Sabine Lichtenegger, Gabriel E. Wagner, Cuong D. Do and Ivo Steinmetz Melioidosis in Vietnam: Recently Improved Recognition but still an Uncertain Disease Burden after Almost a Century of Reporting Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 39, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3020039 .............. 53 Grace Lui, Anthony Tam, Eugene Y. K. Tso, Alan K. L. Wu, Jonpaul Zee, Kin Wing Choi, Wilson Lam, Man Chun Chan, Wan Man Ting and Ivan F. N. Hung Melioidosis in Hong Kong Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 91, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3030091 .............. 65 v Andriniaina Rakotondrasoa, Mohammad Iqbal Issack, Benoˆıt Garin, Fabrice Biot, Eric Valade, Pierre Wattiau, Nicolas Allou, Olivier Belmonte, Jastin Bibi, Erin P. Price and Jean-Marc Collard Melioidosis in the Western Indian Ocean and the Importance of Improving Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Molecular Typing Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 30, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010030 .............. 74 Patricia M. Tauran, Sri Wahyunie, Farahanna Saad, Andaru Dahesihdewi, Mahrany Graciella, Munawir Muhammad, Delly Chipta Lestari, Aryati Aryati, Ida Parwati, Tonny Loho, et al. Emergence of Melioidosis in Indonesia and Today’s Challenges Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 32, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010032 .............. 88 David A.B. Dance, Manophab Luangraj, Sayaphet Rattanavong, Noikaseumsy Sithivong, Oulayphone Vongnalaysane, Manivanh Vongsouvath and Paul N. Newton Melioidosis in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 21, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010021 ..............102 Sheila Nathan, Sylvia Chieng, Paul Vijay Kingsley, Anand Mohan, Yuwana Podin, Mong-How Ooi, Vanitha Mariappan, Kumutha Malar Vellasamy, Jamuna Vadivelu, Sylvia Daim and Soon-Hin How Melioidosis in Malaysia: Incidence, Clinical Challenges, and Advances in Understanding Pathogenesis Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 25, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010025 ..............109 Javier I. Sanchez-Villamil and Alfredo G. Torres Melioidosis in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 24, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010024 ..............128 Mo Mo Win, Elizabeth A. Ashley, Khwar Nyo Zin, Myint Thazin Aung, Myo Maung Maung Swe, Clare L. Ling, Fran¸cois Nosten, Win May Thein, Ni Ni Zaw, May Yee Aung, et al. Melioidosis in Myanmar Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 28, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010028 ..............142 Jeffrey M. Warner and Bart J. Currie Melioidosis in Papua New Guinea and Oceania Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 34, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010034 ..............151 Peter Franz M. San Martin, Joseph C. Chua, Ralph Louie P. Bautista, Jennifer M. Nailes, Mario M. Panaligan and David A. B. Dance Melioidosis in the Philippines Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 99, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3030099 ..............156 Siew Hoon Sim, Catherine Ee Ling Ong, Yunn Hwen Gan, Dongling Wang, Victor Wee Hong Koh, Yian Kim Tan, Michelle Su Yen Wong, Janet Seok Wei Chew, Sian Foong Ling, Brian Zi Yan Tan, et al. Melioidosis in Singapore: Clinical, Veterinary, and Environmental Perspectives Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 31, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010031 ..............168 Dionne B. Rolim, Rachel Ximenes R. Lima, Ana Karoline C. Ribeiro, Rafael M. Colares, Leoniti D. Q. Lima, Alfonso J. Rodr´ıguez-Morales, Franco E. Montufar ´ and David A. B. Dance Melioidosis in South America Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 60, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3020060 ..............185 vi Enoka M. Corea, Aruna Dharshan de Silva and Vasanthi Thevanesam Melioidosis in Sri Lanka Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 22, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010022 ..............193 Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Tushar Shaw, George M. Varghese and David A. B. Dance Melioidosis in South Asia (India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan and Afghanistan) Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 51, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3020051 ..............204 Pei-Tan Hsueh, Wei-Tien Huang, Hsu-Kai Hsueh, Ya-Lei Chen and Yao-Shen Chen Transmission Modes of Melioidosis in Taiwan Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 26, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010026 ..............218 Soawapak Hinjoy, Viriya Hantrakun, Somkid Kongyu, Jedsada Kaewrakmuk, Tri Wangrangsimakul, Siroj Jitsuronk, Weerawut Saengchun, Saithip Bhengsri, Thantapat Akarachotpong, Somsak Thamthitiwat, et al. Melioidosis in Thailand: Present and Future Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2018, 3, 38, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3020038 ..............228 Xiao Zheng, Qianfeng Xia, Lianxu Xia and Wei Li Endemic Melioidosis in Southern China: Past and Present Reprinted from: Tropicalmed 2019, 4, 39, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3020039 ..............244 vii About the Special Issue Editors Direk Limmathurotsakul (Associate Professor, Mahidol University) studied medicine at Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. He obtained a PhD in Life and Biomolecular sciences from the Open University, UK, in 2008, and an MSc in Medical Statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 2009. Since 2004, he has been working at the Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, mainly on melioidosis. He also works on sepsis and antimicrobial resistance. From 2012–present (2019), Direk has also run a Wellcome Trust-funded Intermediate Fellowship programme on melioidosis. He is also chair of the International Melioidosis Society (http://www.melioidosis.info) and the Melioidosis Threat Reduction Network (Melioidosis TRN). Direk has convened and contributed to a number of meetings about melioidosis between researchers and policy makers in multiple countries, including Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Cambodia, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, and Brazil. These have helped to attract the attention of public health officials and policy makers, with the result that at last actions are being taken to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of melioidosis in many tropical countries. David Dance (Honorary Visiting Research Fellow, University of Oxford; Honorary Professor, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)