Ohio Grape-Wine Electronic Newsletter Editor: David Scurlock, Viticulture Outreach Specialist Department of Horticulture and Crop Science Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster, OH 44691-4096 www.oardc.ohioHU -state.edu/grapeweb/ UH 31 May 2016 (13) Content: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Disease Section Organic Viticulture Resources Vector Transmitting Red Blotch Grape Section OARDC Vineyard Update Dodged another Bullet Ag fertilizer training Ozonated Water replacing chemicals The Ohio Sustainable Farm Tour Yamaha UAV Vineyard Sprayer Always Follow Label Recommendations Itasca-Minnesota 1285 Insect Section Beneficials and Microwave Technology Brief Cicadas….They are Here! Invasive Pest Found in Wine Shipment Enology Oxygen Management SW Ohio Winery Captures Best of Show Directors Choice Wine Awards Synthetic Wine Weather La Nina is Coming Items of Interest Know Your Grape & Wine Experts ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Source: Michael White’s Iowa Newsletter WWW Organic Viticulture Resources 1. Ohio State University has a 46 page organic grape spray guide here: http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/fruitpathology/organic/PDF/OSU-Organic-Grape-Diseases.pdf 2. Washington State University Organic Viticulture Resources: http://wine.wsu.edu/research-extension/grape-growing/organic/ 3. ATTRA has an excellent organic grape production guide here, $3.95 digital, $6.95 print copy:, 44 pp.: https://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/summaries/summary.php?pub=5 4. Organic Risk Mgt. Crops Manual, Univ. of MN: http://www.organicriskmanagement.umn.edu/ 5. Sources of Organic Fertilizers & Amendments, ATTRA: 4 https://attra.ncat.org/attra- pub/org_fert/ 6. Whole-farm Impact of Converting Conventionally Managed Eastern Vineyards to Organic Management Practices, 1990 to 1994 SARE.org research report: http://mysare.sare.org/sare_project/LNE90-020/?page=final 7. National Organic Materials Review Institute: http://www.omri.org/ 8. National Organic Program USDA homepage: http://www.ams.usda.gov/nop/ 9. Iowa Department of Ag Organic Certification Program: http://www.iowaagriculture.gov/AgDiversification/organicCertification.asp 10. ISU Organic Agriculture Extension Program: http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/organicag/ 11. Commercial Book: The Grape Grower – A Guide to Organic Viticulture by Lon Rombough”, 290 pp.$41 plus shipping: http://www.bunchgrapes.com 12. Learning Material on Organic Farming in Europe (put “Viticulture” in search box): http://www.organic-edunet.eu/ 13. Organic ePrints – International Organic Farming Search Portal. (put “Viticulture” in search box) : http://orgprints.org/ 14. Organic Winegrowing Manual, 2011 McGourty, Ohmart & Chaney – UC Davis, $35, 192 pp.: http://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu/Items.aspx?search=organic%20grape 15. Northeast Organic Network Cornell Univ.: http://www.neon.cornell.edu/training/resources.html 16. Midwest Organic & Sustainable Education Service (MOSES): http://mosesorganic.org/ 17. Organic Fruit Growers Association: http://organicfruitgrowers.org/ 18. USDA NRCS organic resources (Includes info on EQUIP Organic cost share program): http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/landuse/crops/organic/ 19. Rodale Institute: http://rodaleinstitute.org/ 20. Demeter Biodynamic Certification: http://www.demeter-usa.org/ 21. Weed Control in Organic Grape Production, 33 ppt slides, North Carolina State Univ.: http://www.smallfruits.org/CoAgentTraining/2005Presentations/Grapes/OrganicweedsGrape.pdf 22. Organic Grape Disease Schedule for Nova Scotia 2009/2010, 11 ppt slides, http://perennia.ca/Pest%20Management%20Guides/Fruits/Organic_Grape_Guide_2009.pdf 23: 2013 Production Guide for Organic Grapes, Double A Vineyards: https://doubleavineyards.com/kb/articles/2013-production-guide-for-organic-grapes/ 24. Cornell Univ. Organic Grape & IPM Production Guide, 44 pp.: https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/42888 Source: American Fruit Grower April 27, 2016 Vector Transmitting Red Blotch Virus Found http://www.growingproduce.com/crop-protection/vector-transmitting-red-blotch-virus- found/?utm_source=knowledgemarketing&utm_medium=newsletter&utm_campaign=grapes+0509 2016&omhide=true&eid=225307565&bid=1398118 By: Brian Wallheimer | A vine shows signs of red blotch along a leaf. (Photo credit: Frank Zalom) Researchers at the University of California, Davis (UC-Davis) have found the vector that seems to be spreading grapevine red blotch, a major step toward controlling the disease. A virus known as grapevine red blotch-associated virus (GRBaV) was discovered in vineyards planted with red wine grape cultivars in Napa County in 2008. It creates a disease on vines that presents as red blotches that start on leaf margins or blades and continue onto primary and secondary veins. In white grape cultivars, the blotches appear white or pale yellow. The effects vary based on cultivars, but vines infected by red blotch have reduced total soluble solids in juice. Titratable acidity and pH can also be affected. But a team of scientists has discovered that the three-cornered alfalfa treehopper (Spissistilus festinus) carries and is able to transmit the virus that causes red blotch. “We still have to confirm transmission in the field, but we have some indications now that we have the vector,” said Frank Zalom, Distinguished Professor of Entomology at UC-Davis, who made the discovery with post-doctoral researcher Brian Bahder and USDA virologist Mysore “Sudhi” Sudarshana. Zalom said there are several other insects that carry the grapevine red blotch-associated virus, but it hadn’t been clear whether one of those insects, a nematode or some other method of transmission, delivered it to grapevines. The team was able to show the three-cornered alfalfa treehopper could transmit the virus in a lab setting. Now the team members will set out to show the same result in a field trial. “There is a good indication that we’ll be able to repeat that in the field,” Zalom said. Knowing how the virus is transmitted is key to stopping red blotch’s spread. Zalom said another research path will focus on how to manage three-cornered alfalfa treehoppers. A grower with a vineyard that has signs of red blotch should flag vines and have them tested by a commercial laboratory. If present, growers will need to decide whether to remove those vines and plant new vines. There is no current method for curing vines infected with red blotch. OARDC May 2016 Vineyard Update by David Scurlock, Viticulture Outreach Specialist OSU/OARDC Grape Phenology: All grapes are anywhere from 4 to 9 inches in length and showing clusters. Cab franc stage1 April 29 2015 Cab franc stage1-3 April 25 2016 Cab franc May 25 2016 Chardonnay Stage 1-2 April 29 2015 Chardonnay Stage 4 April 25 2016 Chardonnay May 25 2016 Riesling Stage 1-2 April 29 2015 Riesling Stage 4 April 29 2015 Riesling May 25 2016 Chambourcin stage 1-3, April 29 2015 bud swell Chambourcin stage 2-3, April 25 2016 bud swell Chambourcin May 25 2016 Apples in loose open cluster stage April 29 2015 Apples in Bloom stage April 25 2016 Apples May 25 2016 Sweet Cherries at 80% full bloom, April 29 2015 Sweet Cherries at full bloom, April 25 2016 Sweet Cherries May 25 2016 Hop development April 29 2015 Hop development April 25 2016 Hop development May 25 2016 Weather Conditions: Weather comparisons of May 2016 vs 11 year average Weather for May 2016. As you can see from Table 1, we are down in every category when comparing May 2016 with the 11 year average. This is reflected in lower precipitation, average max temperatures, average minimum temperatures and GDD. Table 1 May 11 YEAR AVERAGE VS. *2016 May DATA Year Precip. Ave. Ave. GDD Cumulative In. Max Min GDD Temp Temp *2016 2.5 69.5 47.7 271 2015 4.3 76.1 52.0 435 2014 2.7 72.4 49.9 364 2013 2.0 74.0 50.1 405 2012 2.2 78.1 52.3 475 2011 7.3 71.6 52.5 370 2010 4.2 76.6 52.1 405 2009 3.2 72.1 47.9 323 2008 2.7 67.5 45.0 197 2007 2.7 76.6 48.7 397 2006 5.8 70.4 46.9 261 2005 2.3 68.6 43.1 214 11 year 3.6 72.8 49.1 349.6 May aver. 2005-2015 April 30 2.7 59.4 35.0 91 91 2016 April May 30 2.5 69.5 47.7 271 362 2016 April -May *2016 Data is inclusive up to May 30. Pest & Disease Situation The vineyards look clean and there are no noticeable disease or pests at this time. Cultural Practices: The hills have been removed and replanting was finished before the Memorial Day weekend. A third cover spray was applied to the vineyard. The third cover spray included Mancozeb, Stylet oil, Pristine and Danitol. The newly planted vines were herbicide sprayed with Snapshot and the older treated with Chateau. Grower Observations: There was some frost damage to vines primarily south of Wooster in Central to Southeast and Southwest Ohio that occurred over May 15 and 16. Cicadas have been seen in SE Ohio. *Cicada article in this issue for spray recommendations. Frost damage on Vidal from May 16 in Athens Photo by Neal Dix Dodged Another Bullet? By Dave Scurlock, OSU/OARDC Viticulture Outreach Specialist Winter has finally unclenched its fists, Jack Frost is DEAD and the growing season can finally begin. It was a mild winter with moderate snowfall so we did not anticipate or physically see any cold winter damage when we dissected grape buds prior to pruning. There is always the perennial threat of Spring Frost looming large every year, at least until we get past the third week of May. I did hear of freeze injury in South East Ohio, to a Concord planting in mid-April, where the shoots were out several inches. The vines rebounded, producing secondary and sometimes tertiary shoots to be injured by the mid-May frost event. The current guesstimate is that this year’s harvest will be half or less than last year’s harvest in this vineyard.