ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS OF THE TRADE VOLUME 1 PROCEEDINGS OF TENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE Published By THE COASTAL SOCIETY Suite 110 5410 Grosvenor Lane Bethesda, MD 20814 PROCEEDINGS OF TENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS OF THE TRADE NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA 12-15 October 1986 VOLUME 1 M. P. Lynch: Proceedings Editor K. L. McDonald: Production Editor THE COASTAL SOCIETY Suite 110 5410 Grosvenor Lane Belhesda, Maryland 20814 Copyright © 1987 The Coastal Society Suite 110 5410 Grosvenor Lane Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Statements made or ideas expressed in these Proceedings are those of the identified authors and are not to be construed as positions or policiesof the agencies or institutions which may employthe authors, of The CoastalSociety, or of the sponsors who provided support for publication of these Proceedings. 1986 CONFERENCE COMMITTEE Virginia Tippie, Conference Chair Maurice P. Lynch, Program Chair Donald W. Davis, Local Arrangements Coordinator Karen L McDonald, Registration Coordinator REGISTRATION/PLANNING ASSISTANTS FIELD TRIP COORDINATORS Johna Robbins Sue Hawes Susan Hiser Diane Holling Claudia Walthall Rod Emmer M. Patricia Barthle Shea Penland Eleanor Bochenek John Suter David Peterson Klaus Meyer-Arendt Diane Hollings Don Davis Glynn Rountree Vernon Behrorst Laurie McGilvray Jim Johnston Mike Huggins PROCEEDINGS COMMITTEE Maurice P. Lynch, Proceedings Editor Karen L. McDonald, Production Editor Susan Hiser, Production Assistant Heidi Leiffer, Production Assistant THE COASTAL SOCIETY OFFICIALS Virginia Tippie, President Maurice P. Lynch, Past President Susan Harvey, Secretary Laurie McGilvray, Treasurer Thomas Bigford, Director Waiter Gray, Director William Queen, Director Sharron Stewart, Director ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Coastal Society wishes to express its gratitude to the following organizations who providedsupport for the conference and/or publicationof these Proceedings. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Estuarine Programs Office and National Marine Pollution Program Office U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Office of Biological Services Mississippi/Alabama Sea Grant Consortium Louisiana Sea Grant College Program Texas Sea Grant College Program Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium Chesapeake Research Consortium, tnc. American Shore and Beach Preservation Association New Orleans District, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Louisana Chapter, American Shore and Beach Preservation Association The Association of State Wetlands Managers, Inc. The efforts of the following persons who presided over conference sessions is greatly appreciated: Virginia Tippie Fran Flannigan William Eichbaum Sharron Stewart James Berger Thomas Bigford Kevin Sullivan Robert E. Stewart James McCtoy Thomas DeMoss David Flemer Jerry Oglesby Babe Schwartz Dave Fierra Charles Ehler Maurice Lynch Trudy Coxe Sarah Taylor H. Lee Butler Donald Pritchard Susan Harvey William Queen Joy Bartholomew James Edmonson Suzanne Hawes Richard Sparks John Day David Chambers Foreward The Coastal Society held its 10th National Meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana 12-15 October, 1986. The theme of the conference "Estuarine and Coastal Management - Tools of the Trade" reflects the maturation of estuarine and coastal management efforts in this country. In the early 1970's, the concept of land and water management in the critical coastal zone for the purpose of conserving coastal resources was in its infancy. Initially we were theorists developing new principles and practices as we went along. Much of our effort was expended delineating the area which we wished to influence through coastal management and defining and describing the resources and processes we needed to affect. We have come a long way since those early days. Our "profession" has matured. We have more confidence in what we wish to accomplish, and we have, through a complex combination of trial and error, careful planning and experimentation, serendipity and just plain luck, developed valuable knowledge and experience in how to manage coastal areas and resources. These proceedings reflect the increasing sophistication in our approaches to management, science and technology, and planning and regulation in the nation's coastal and estuarine areas. We hope that new practitioners of our professions find this compilation useful in guiding their work as they join us in coastal activities. A particularly interesting result of the Conference being held in New Orleans was the thorough discussions of the problems and the management approaches associated with the Mississippi drainage basin and Louisiana's extensive coastal marshes. This extensive review of the host region's problems and solutions expands the coverage of regional issues reflected in previous conference proceedings, reinforcing the desirablility of rotating conference sites to different coastal regions. I wish to thank those individuals that contributed to these Proceedings and to the success of the conference by attendance at the sessions, presentation of papers, and participation in discussions. I wish to acknowledge the effort of Ms. Karen L. McDonald who was instrumental in the successful planning and conduct of the Conference. I also wish to acknowledge the efforts of Ms. Susan Hiser, Ms. Heidi Leiffer, and Mr. Robert McCormack for their assistance in preparing these proceedings for publication. Maurice P. Lynch Proceedings Editor TABLE OF CONTENTS PLENARY SESSIONS ESTUARINE ANDCOASTAL MANAGEMENT - THE ISSUES An ActionAgenda: The Chesapeake Bay Experience GovernorHany Hughes 1 Near Coastal Waists: Towards A New Consensus Rebecca Hanmer 9 ESTUARINE ANDCOASTAL MANAGEMENT - THE FUTURE ManagementPrinciplesfor Estuaries Thomas DeMoss 1? Estuarine CoastalManagement• The Future Outlook JohnF.Studt 29 Estuarineand Coastal Management JackE. Ravan 33 The Fish and Wildlife Service's Role in Estuarineand Coastal Management EdwardT.LaRoe .39 NOAA's Role: Assessment, Research, and Management Virginia Tippie 43 A Plan for the Future ofPuget Sound Kirvil Skinnartand 47 ESTUARINE ANDCOASTAL MANAGEMENT - PROGRAM ACCOUNTABILITY Where's the Bottom Line? William Gordon 53 Program Accountability - HowDoWe Measure Progress? -A Political View Joseph V. Gartlan, Jr. 57 ProgramAccountability- How Do We MeasureProgress? • A Scientific View J. R.Schubel 61 VOLUME 1: PAGES 1 to 392 VOLUME 2: PAGES 39310 798 CONCURRENT SESSIONS STRUCTURING A PROGRAM Chairs: Thomas DeMossandFran Flanigan EPANortheast Estuary Program: Organizational Structure and Early Development of Buzzards Bay, Long Island Sound, andNarragansett Bay Programs WendyLWiltse gl A Comparison of theGovernance of Narragansett andSanFrancisco Bays: The RoleofAdaptiveImplementation Timothy Hennessey and DonaldRobadue,Jr. .73 MODELING FOR MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES Chairs: Donald Pritchard and H. Lee Butler Practical Tools for Guiding Estuarine NutrientControls Wu-SengLung 89 Patuxent RiverEstuary Research, Modeling andMonitoring Strategy MichaelS. Haire andNauthPanday (Abstract) .97 Development of aCoupledHydrodynamic/Water Quality Model forAssessing Eutroprucan'on andAnoxiawithinChesapeake Bay James J. Fitzpatrick, Alan F. Blumberg, DonaldJ.O'Connor, and Thomas J. Mulligan .99 Circulation Modeling asanAid to Management of theBlueCrab Fisheiy in ChesapeakeBay David F. Johnson, KurtW. Hess,andPeterJ. Pytlowany Ill Model Study ofEutrophication in Virginia's Potomac Embayments CarlF.Cerco,AlbertY. KuoandPaul V. Hyer 119 Statistical ModelsforEnvironmental Monitoring andAssessment ArthurJ. Butt 125 ImpactEvaluationofEngineeringProjects in Coastal/Estuarine Waters S. Bird and A. Swain 133 The Effectsof Hydrodynamic Circulation on Estuarine WaterQuality DonaldJ. O'Connorand Alan F. Blumberg(Abstract) 140 Circulation Modeling and RealTime MeasurementsasTools for Maritime Commerce and EnvironmentalManagement Henry R. Frey (Abstract) 141 Multi-Dimensional Modeling ofEstuarineProcesses J. Letter, W. McAnally, and D. P. Bach (Abstract) 142 Optimal Control of Salinity LevelDueto RiverDischarge intheUpper Chesapeake Bay - A StochasticControl Model Bernard B. Hsieh 143 CHARACTERIZING A SYSTEM Chair: Charles N. Ehler Characterizing theChesapeake Bay EcosystemandLessonsLearned David A. Flemcr,Virginia K. Tippie, Gail B. Mackiernan, Roben B. Biggs,Willa Nehlsen, andKentS. Price 153 ProtocolStandardizationfor PugetSound, Washington John Armstrong andScottBecker 179 Changes in Vegetation intheCameron-Creole Marshes of Louisiana Overa Thirty-two Year Period Billy R. CraftandE. RaySmith 187 Evaluating the Potential EconomicBenefitsofEstuarine WaterQuality Improvements: A Cross-Estuary Comparison Kenneth AdlerandWilliamDesvousges 205 Strategic Assessmentof theUseandHealth of the Nation's Estuaries DanielJ. Basta(Abstract) 216 PLUGGING THE PIPE Chair David Fiena Perspectiveson Combined Sewer Overflow Management Eva J. Hoffman .219 Management Strategies forStrengthening Point Source Controls MichelleA. Hiller(Abstract) 224 The Regulation of Point Source Dischanjesin theCoastal ZoneUnderthe NationalPollutantDischarge EliminationSystem (NPDES) Gary Petrazzuolo (Abstract) 225 Virginia's Innovative Financing Mechanism to MeetlisWaterQualityNeeds SusanGillDull 227 THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE AS AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM Convenors: Richard Sparks and John W. Day, Jr. Human Impacts of Mississippi River Ecology Calvin R. Fremling 235 HabilatDiversityand Utilizationby Invertebrates and Fish Along the Mississippi River