Strasbourg, 24 March 2009 pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp (2009) 01 – e PC-CP (2009) 01 final COUNCIL OF EUROPE A NNUAL PENAL S TATISTICS SPACE I SURVEY 2007 BY MARCELO F. AEBI, NATALIA DELGRANDE UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE SWITZERLAND Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics – SPACE I – 2007 2 Contents SURVEY BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 5 A. PRISON POPULATIONS........................................................................................................... 5 A.1. GLOBAL INDICATORS OF PRISON POPULATIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2007 ............................ 5 A.2. FLOW OF ENTRIES, LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT, ESCAPES AND DEATHS IN 2006................... 9 B. PRISON STAFF...................................................................................................................... 12 C. NON-CUSTODIAL SANCTIONS AND MEASURES (GENERAL OVERVIEW) .............................. 13 D. KEY POINTS OF STATISTICAL MEASURES .......................................................................... 13 D.1. CONVENTIONS USED:......................................................................................................... 13 D.2. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY: ................................................................................. 13 E. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA.......................................................................................................... 14 F. DATA VALIDATION PROCEDURE......................................................................................... 15 STATISTICAL TABLES ...................................................................................................... 15 I. PRISON POPULATIONS: STATE OF PRISON POPULATIONS ON SEPTEMBER 1ST, 2007......... 15 I.1. GENERAL NOTES (INCLUDING LEGISLATIVE OR OTHER MEASURES WHICH DIRECTLY INFLUENCE TRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF PRISONERS).................................................................. 15 Table 1: Situation of penal institutions on 1st September 2007...................................... 21 NOTES –TABLE 1....................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 1.a: Countries with the highest prison population rates per 100,000 inhabitants (more than 100 prisoners per 100,000 inhabitants)......................................................... 25 Figure 1.b: Countries with prison population overcrowding (more than 100 prisoners per 100 places) ...................................................................................................................... 25 Table 1.2: Categories included in the total number of prisoners ................................... 26 NOTES – TABLE 1.2................................................................................................................... 28 Table 1.2.a: Situation of penal institutions on 1st September 2007 (adjusted figures)31 NOTES – TABLE 1.2.A AND 1.3 .................................................................................................. 32 Table 1.3: Situation of penal institutions on 1st September 2007 by decreasing prison population rates (non-adjusted and adjusted total numbers) ......................................... 33 Table 1.4: Evolution of prison populations between 2000 and 2007 ............................ 34 Table 1.5: Year-to-year rates of increase and decrease of prison population rates between 2006 and 2007....................................................................................................... 36 NOTES – TABLES 1.4 AND 1.5.................................................................................................... 36 Map 1: Prison population rates per 100,000 inhabitants................................................. 37 Table 2: Age structure of prison population on 1st September 2007: general breakdown by categories of age ......................................................................................... 38 NOTES – TABLE 2...................................................................................................................... 40 Table 2.1: Age structure of prison populations on 1st September 2007: minors and persons between 18 and 21 of age .................................................................................... 44 NOTES – TABLE 2.1................................................................................................................... 45 Map 2: Breakdown of the age of criminal responsibility and percentages of the prisoners less than 18 years of age in European countries............................................ 45 Table 3: Structure of prison populations on 1st September 2007: female prisoners and foreign prisoners .................................................................................................................... 46 NOTES – TABLE 3...................................................................................................................... 48 Table 4: Legal status of prison populations on 1st September 2007 (numbers).......... 49 NOTES – TABLE 4...................................................................................................................... 50 Strasbourg, 24 March 2009, pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp (2009) 01-e PC-CP (2009) 01final Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics – SPACE I – 2007 3 Table 5: Legal status of prison populations on 1st September 2007 (percentages and rates)........................................................................................................................................ 53 NOTES – TABLE 5...................................................................................................................... 54 Table 6: Breakdown of sentenced prisoners (final sentence) on 1st September 2007, by main offence (numbers) .................................................................................................. 55 NOTES – TABLE 6...................................................................................................................... 56 Table 7: Breakdown of sentenced prisoners (final sentence) on 1st September 2007, by main offence (percentages)............................................................................................ 58 Table 8: Breakdown of sentenced prisoners (final sentence) on 1st September 2007, by length of sentence (numbers)......................................................................................... 59 NOTES – TABLE 8...................................................................................................................... 60 Table 9: Breakdown of sentenced prisoners (final sentence) on 1st September 2007, by length of sentence (percentages) .................................................................................. 62 Table 10: Breakdown of sentenced prisoners (final sentence) on 1st September 2007, by length of sentence (cumulative percentages).............................................................. 63 Table 11: Breakdown of prisoners sentenced to less than one year (final sentence) on 1st September 2007, by length of sentence (percentages) ....................................... 64 NOTES – TABLES 9, 10, AND 11................................................................................................. 65 Figure 2: Countries with the highest percentages (more than 5%) of prisoners sentenced to less than one month...................................................................................... 65 2. PRISON POPULATIONS: FLOW OF ENTRIES, LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT, ESCAPES AND DEATHS IN 2006 ....................................................................................................................... 66 Table 12.1: Flow of Entries to Penal Institutions in 2006................................................ 66 Table 12.2: Additional categories of the Flow of Entries to Penal Institutions in 2006 .................................................................................................................................................. 67 NOTES – TABLES 12.1 AND 12.2................................................................................................ 68 Table 13.1: Indicator of Average Length of Imprisonment in 2006, based on the total number of days spent in penal institutions ........................................................................ 70 NOTES – TABLES 13.1 ............................................................................................................... 71 Table 13.2: Indicator of Average Length of Imprisonment in 2006, based on the total number of prisoners in penal institutions on 1st September 2006 ................................. 72 Table 14: Escapes of prisoners in 2006 ............................................................................ 73 NOTES – TABLE 14.................................................................................................................... 74 Table 15.1: Deaths in Penal Institutions in 2006 (including suicides)........................... 75 Table 15.2: Types of deaths and suicides in Penal Institutions in 2006 provided in Table 15.1............................................................................................................................... 76 NOTES – TABLES 15.1 AND 15.2................................................................................................ 77 Table 16: Average amount spent per day of detention of one person in penal institutions