DESIGN, MODELING AND TESTING OF OPTICAL SURFACES IN ILLUMINATION OPTICS Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Wang, Lirong Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 30/09/2021 04:03:49 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195097 DESIGN, MODELING AND TESTING OF OPTICAL SURFACES IN ILLUMINATION OPTICS By Lirong Wang ________________________ Copyright © Lirong Wang 2010 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the COLLEGE OF OPTICAL SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2010 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Lirong Wang entitled Design, Modeling and Testing of Optical Surfaces in Illumination Optics and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date: Oct. 7, 2010 Jose M. Sasian Date: Oct. 7, 2010 William J. Dallas Date: Oct. 7, 2010 Hong Hua Date: Oct. 7, 2010 Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Date: Nov.22, 2010 Dissertation Director: Jose M. Sasian 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Lirong Wang 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply grateful to my advisor Professor Jose M. Sasian for his invaluable advice and patient guidance during the whole process of my research. Moreover, I sincerely thank him for offering me good training opportunities in optical engineering, from which I will benefit a lot in my future professional career. I greatly appreciate my other dissertation committee members, Professor William J. Dallas and Professor Hong Hua, for spending their time to review my dissertation manuscript and providing valuable feedbacks. I gratefully acknowledge Professor James H. Burge and Professor Robert E. Parks for their kind support in the SCOTS (Software Configurable Optical Test System) project. I am heartily indebted to Dr. R. John Koshel (OptSci and Photon Engineering) and Dr. Thomas L. R. Davenport (Optical Research Associate) for their helpful advice and timely support in illumination design. In addition, I would like to thank the code manufacturers: Optical Research Associates (LIGHTTOOLS) and ZEMAX Development Corporation (ZEMAX) for offering me the corresponding educational licenses to use their optical design and analysis software. More appreciation goes to Prof. Valorie S. Valencia, Prof. Russell A. Chipman, Prof. Nasser Peyghambarian, Prof. Sergio B. Mendes (University of Louisville), Prof. Arthur Gmitro, Prof. Carl F. Maes, and Ms. Gail M. Varin for their valuable support and help during my Ph.D. studies in the College of Optical Sciences. I am thankful to all of my friends for their friendship in my life. Special acknowledgements are due to Tom Zobrist, Sara M. Lampen, Andrei S. Kazmierski, Corrie J. Vandervlugt, and Sheng Yuan for their help in editing this dissertation. Finally, I would like to express my earnest gratitude to my family. Thanks to my parents Fubiao Wang and Aihui Xie for their unconditional love throughout my life and immense patience during my long-term oversea study. Thanks to my elder brother Junjie Wang and my sister-in-law Meng Xu for their continuous support and encouragement. My deepest thanks go to my husband Peng Su for his motivation and insightful suggestions in my research. This dissertation would not have been possible without his constant love and support. 5 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to the loving memory of my dear maternal-grandfather Mr. XIE Yicheng (谢义成, 1918-2008), who always believed in me and inspired me. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ 9 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 13 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 15 1.1 ILLUMINATION ENGINEERING BACKGOUND ............................................. 15 1.1.1 OVERVIEW OF ILLUMINATION ENGINEERING .................................... 15 1.1.2 OVERVIEW OF ILLUMINATION DESIGN PROCESS ............................. 17 1.2 LIGHT REFLECTOR BACKGROUND ............................................................... 18 1.2.1 OVERVIEW OF SMOOTH AND FACETED REFLECTORS DESIGNS.... 19 1.2.1.1 REFLECTOR DESIGN METHOD I – TAILORING DESIGN .............. 20 1.2.1.2 REFLECTOR DESIGN METHOD II- SUPERPOSITION DESIGN...... 22 1.2.2 OVERVIEW OF FREE-FORM SURFACE TESTING METHODS .............. 26 1.3 OUTLINES OF THIS DISSERTATION ............................................................... 29 CHAPTER 2 GEOMETRIC ISSUES OF FACETED LIGHT COLLECTORS ............ 30 2.1 COMPLEXITY OF SURFACE REPRESENTATIONS ........................................ 30 2.2 SOFTWARE AND MODELING METHODS OF FACETED REFLECTORS .. 38 2.2.1 OVERVIEW OF MODELING METHODS IN LIGHTTOOLS .................... 39 2.2.2 OVERVIEW OF MODELING METHODS IN ZEMAX ............................... 42 2.3 GEOMETRIC ISSUES IN DESIGNING FACETED REFLECTORS .................. 44 CHAPTER 3 OPTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF FACETED REFLECTORS ................. 50 3.1 SPECIFICATIONS AND SINGLE LENS DESIGN ............................................. 50 3.2. SMOOTH REFLECTOR DESIGN ....................................................................... 53 3.3 PLANAR-FACETED REFLECTOR DESIGN ...................................................... 55 3.4 CURVED-FACETED REFLECTOR DESIGN ..................................................... 57 3.4.1 METHOD ONE: ELLIPTICAL REFLECTOR WITH CURVED (SPHERICAL) FACETS (GENERATED BY A LIGHTTOOLS MACRO) ........... 58 3.4.2. METHOD TWO: OFF-AXIS (BICONIC) PARABOLOIDAL MIRROR ARRAY (GENERATED BY A ZEMAX MACRO) ................................................ 62 3.4.3 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................. 66 CHAPTER 4 FACETED REFLECTOR DESIGN EXAMPLE I - A NOVEL MICROSCOPE ILLUMINATOR .................................................................. 70 4.1. DESIGN RESULTS AND ANALYSIS FOR A SINGLE OBJECTIVE MICROSCOPE SYSTEM ............................................................................................ 71 4.1.1 SPECIFICATIONS .......................................................................................... 71 4.1.2 SIMULATION RESULTS .............................................................................. 73 4.1.2.1 SIMULATION RESULTS BASED ON THE INITIAL PARAMETERS73 4.1.2.2 OPTIMIZATION OF THE LIGHT TRANSFER EFFICIENCY ............ 74 4.2. DESIGN RESULTS AND ANALYSIS FOR OBJECTIVE ARRAY MICROSCOPE SYSTEM ............................................................................................ 80 4.2.1. DIP ARRAY ON AXIS WITH THE OBJECTIVE ARRAY ........................ 80 4.2.2 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................. 83 7 CHAPTER 5 FACETED REFLECTOR DESIGN EXAMPLE II - OPTICAL ANALYSIS OF A 20-M SEGMENTED PARABOLOIDAL SOLAR CONCENTRATING REFLECTOR ................................................................................. 84 5.1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 84 5.2 ZEMAX ANALYSIS PROGRAM FOR THE SEGMENTED PARABOLOIDAL SOLAR REFLECTOR.................................................................................................. 85 5.3 OPTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SEGMENTED PARABOLOIDAL SOLAR REFLECTOR ................................................................................................................ 90 5.3.1 OPTICAL ANALYSIS OF MISALIGNMENT ERRORS FOR THE ON- AXIS SUN ................................................................................................................ 90 5.3.2 OPTICAL ANALYSIS OF MISALIGNMENT ERRORS FOR THE OFF- AXIS SUN ................................................................................................................ 92 CHAPTER 6 ANALYTIC MODELING OF SHORT-ARC DISCHARGE LAMPS ..... 95 6.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 95 6.2 FORMULAS FOR SHORT-ARC SOURCE MODELING ..................................