Caneberry Cultivars in the Pacific Northwest Chad Finn, USDA‐ARS, HCRU Pat Moore, Washington State University Michael Dossett, BC Blueberry Council . Overview of industry & types of caneberries grown . Blackberry . Red raspberry . Black raspberry . Overview of industry & types of caneberries grown . Blackberry . Red raspberry . Black raspberry Pacific Northwest Annual Production ((ymean over last 5 years) Area Production Price acres 1,000lbs lbs/acre US/lb Red Raspberry Ore. 1,260 5,504 4,534 1.16 Wash. 9,760 67,214 6,884 0.75 British Columbia 3,695 22,977 Black raspberry- Ore. 1,080 3,092 2,360 2.32 Blackberries- Ore. 6,740 47,226 7,352 0.84 AgCanada AgCanada Blueberry Blueberry Strawberry Raspberry Raspberry WSU WSU Strawberry Raspberry Raspberry USDA-OSU-ARSOSUARS USDA & Strawberry Blackberry Raspberry Raspberry Blueberry Blueberry 1995b y R. Sterner, Johns Hopkins University Applied PhysicsL aboratory Trailinggy Blackberry . Crown forming . Requ ire tre llis . Main cultivars Marion, Black Diamond, Columbia Star, Thornless Evergreen . NliNewer cultivars Obsidian, Onyx, Metolius, . Raspberry x Blackberry hybrids Logan Boysen Tayberry Erect Blac kberr ies . Primarily ‘Ouachita’ . 3-4 tons/acre . Wholesale fresh market . Sucker . Minimal trellis . Summer pruning . Ripen E. July – late August Semi-erect Blac kberr ies . Primarily ‘Chester Thornless’ & ‘Triple Crown’ . 10-15 tons/acre . Wholesale fresh market . Crown forming . Must be trellised . Summer ppgruning . Ripen Early August-Frost . Overview of industry & types of caneberries grown . Blackberry . Red raspberry . Black raspberry 1.9% Marion . Marketed as “Marionberry” . Chehalem x Olallie blackberry offspring; 1956 release . Excellent fruit quality especially aromatic flavor . High soluble solids . Machine harvestable . Perceived as ‘seedless’ . Negatives . Thorny . Not great winter hardiness . Need better yield . Soft . Turns purple Black Diamond . Thornless . Larger and firmer than ‘Marion’ . Excellent quality . Productive . Less vigorous/dense plant . Good flavor and fruit quality . An Oregon grower has machined and shipped fresh. More cold tolerant than Marion . Top seller last 10 years Columbia Star (US patent appl. S.N. 13/815,074) • Thornless with outstanding yield • One of the most exciting we have ever had • In small scale grower trial • Appear s to m achin e w ell • Excellent fresh and processed fruit quality particularly flavor! • Concerns: - Only short time in evaluation Columbia Star 1st machine pick in Wash. and Ore. Willamette Thornless Marion USPPAF FdFound and ddldeveloped by LLdeonard J HHideidt Good: • Thornless canes • Marion fruit Less good: • Marion fruit • Marion yield Available to select growers ‘Obsidian’ . Fresh market , thorny . Very early ripening . Large . Stays black in freezer & refrigeration . Very productive . Ships well llb but tj just tb barel y fi rm enough . Filled early niche in Cal. and NW. Silvan Metolius Obsidian Metolius . Fresh Market . Thorny, trailing . Very early . Productive . Excellent flavor . Firm Working in some wholesale programs ‘Newberry’ . Dual purpose . Thorny, vigorous . V. high yields of large fruit . Boysen color & look but not same R. Crosse flavor. Grower “if blindfolded could not tell the difference” . In California, wholesale fresh market, sold as “Ruby Boysen” . Holds up fresh better than Boysen, less bleeding . “Different than others so sells” . An Escapee!!! ORUS 3447‐2 • Will be released this year • Thornless with outstanding yield • Giant berries • Excellent fresh and processed fruit quality! • Roadside fresh as too big for wholesale? • Concerns: Not widely tested ORUS 2711‐1 ORUS 2711‐1 • Will name • Thornless, semi‐erect habit • 75% Eastern (erect/semi ‐erect) (Navaho x ORUS 1122‐1) x Triple Crown • Excellent yield • Large fruit, roundish shape; V. glossy; Good flavor/ v. sweet, V. good firmness • Ripens lltate JlJuly‐early AtAugust ORUS 2816‐4 ORUS 2816‐4 • Thornless, semi‐erect habit • 75% Eastern (erect/semi‐erect) (Navah o x ORUS 1122‐1) x TTiripl e Crown • Marion+ yields • Marion size fruit, roundish shapp;e; V. ggy;lossy; Good flavor/ v. sweet, V. good firmness • Ripens late July‐early August ORUS 4057‐3 • Thornless • Very early; midpoint harvest 13 d before Black Diamond in 2014 • High yiildelds 1st year= Black Diamon d • Large fruit • Should machine harvest • Not available at nurseries yet ORUS 4057-3 v. B. Diamond ORUS 4024‐3 • Thorny • Looks like a ‘Tayberry’ • Should machine harvest • Performed well in California for fresh • Concerns: Not widely tested • Not available at nurseries yet ‘Prime-Ark® 45’ . PiPrimocane fru iting, Th orny . Good yields . Largefruit93gLarge fruit, 9.3 g . Fair flavor, sweet with mild bitter aftertaste. Ripens mid-September to mid October . Firm . Ch/dCrunchy/seedy . Concerns: Quality Must have tunnels or yield too small Blackberry Questions?? Blac k Diamon d Onyx Black Pearl Wild Treasure Newberry Obsidian Metolius Nightfall . Overview of industry & types of caneberries grown . Blackberry . Red raspberry . Black raspberry Meeker • Leading cultivar in Northwest • HdlidfHas declined from ~60 %f% of NW production 10 years ago to 40% of ppgplants being planted in 2014 • Excellent for machine harvesting processing • Suscep tible to RBDV Wakefield . Floricane bearing . Offspring of Lewis . Release from Enfield Farms/Northwest Plants and NZ Hort Research collaborative program . ~$1500 acres for rights to grow . Poor suckeringgy so tissue culture only. Uniform good yields of high quality IQF fruit Chemainus . Mid season . Excellent fruit quality . Large . Very good yield . Some root rot resistance Lewis . Floricane fruiter . ORUS 576‐47; Released due to performance in New Zealand . Parent of ‘Wakefield’ . Outstanding fruit quality . Very good yield . 1‐2 weeks later than Meeker . In Lynden mixed 1st harvest evaluation. Fresh or Processed . Nurseries have! ‘Cascade Delight’ . Wash. State University . High quality fresh market berry . Similar season as ‘Tulameen’, but larger and firmer . Has field resistance to root rot . Lateral breakage in machine htdtilharvested trials Cascade Gold . Floricane bearing; Early . WSU Release . Good yields . Large, firm, excellent flavor quality . Easy fruit release . Root rot susceptible . RBDV resistant Cascade Harvest . Floricane bearing, Processing/fresh . WSU Release . Higgyh yields . Outstanding fruit quality . Machine harvests . Tolerates root rot and RBDV (common strain) ‘Squamish’ Formerly BC 92-9-15 (Malahat x BC 86-41-15) • Early ripening replacement for ‘Malahat’ • Dual-purpose - machine harvests very well • Better tolerance to root rot than ‘Malahat’ • Productive • Large (5 g), conical, medium-red, glossy • Firm wi th v. good fl avor • Resistant to most aphids • Susceptible to spur blight and RBDV ‘Vintage’ (USPP24,198) . Fresh Market‐ Primocane fruiting . Excellent eating!!! . Earlier than ‘Heritage’ . Firm, glossy, bright beautiful fruit; can be picked firm pink with excellent flavor . 30% bigger than ‘Heritage’ . Yield in various trials has ranged from a bit higher to a bit lower than Heritage Vintage vs. Heritage . Phytophthora susceptible . Plants available! ORUS 4090‐1 . Fresh Market‐ Primocane fruiting . Excellent eating!!! . Similar season to ‘Heritage’ . Larger fruit and higher yield than ‘Heritage’ . Performed well as fresh wholesale berry trials in Mexico . Plants available! ORUS 4090-1 ORUS 4090-2 ORUS 4090‐1 and Vintage in Mexico ORUS 4090-2 . Overview of industry & types of caneberries grown . Blackberry . Red raspberry . Black raspberry Nurseries Carrying Northwest Raspberry & Blackberry Cultivars ((yptypically must place order for in the future rather than carryyging inventory) Arbor Grove Nursery www.AGNursery.com Indiana Berry & Plant Co. www. indianaberry. com/index.php Lassen Canyon Nursery www.lassencanyonnursery.com/ Norcal Nursery www. norcalnursery. com/ North American Plants www.naplants.com NthtNorthwest Plant Co. www.nwpltlant.com/ Spooner Farms www.spoonerfarms.com/ Questions? Take a leap & try some of these! “We have all drunk from wells we did not dig & have been warmed by fires we did not build .” Anon. Questions?.