Direct Dark Matter Searches: the Experimental Context

Direct Dark Matter Searches: the Experimental Context

Conseil Scientifique de l’IN2P3, 25-26 octobre 2018 Direct Dark Matter searches: the experimental context Alessandra Tonazzo (APC, Université Paris-Diderot) Direct search for WIMPs : current status ���������� ��������� -�� -� �� ����-� �� - ] ��� ] � ����� -�� -� �� �� �� [ �� [ ������ ������ �� �� σ σ -�� -��� -� �� ����� �� - -�� �� �������� � �� -���� ��� ���� -�� - �������� ������� -�� � -� ������� �� �� - - ��� ��-�� ������� ��-�� ���� ������ ���� ������ ��-�� ��-�� ���� ����� ������� ������� �� ����� ����� ���������� �� ������� ��� �������� ��������� ������������ ���������� ������� ��������� �� ��������� coherent ν scattering on Xe ��-�� � �� ��� ���� A personal selection ���� ������ ���� [���/��] CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 2 Direct detection of WIMPs WIMP <v>˜220 km/s Nuclear Recoil detectable signal ER < 100 keV Rate: ~1 evt/(ton*year) for σ~10-47cm2 in noble liquids CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 3 Backgrounds WIMP • Cosmic rays and cosmogenic neutron neutrons/isotopes neutrino • Radioactivity, natural (238U,232Th,235U,222Rn,...) or anthropogenic Nuclear Recoil (85Kr,137Cs,...), from detector elements e, γ • Neutrinos (solar, atmospheric, diffuse SN) scattering coherently off nuclei (”neutrino floor”) Electron Recoil Possibility for background discrimination CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 4 Direct detection of WIMPs : signatures • Anomalous rate of low-energy nuclear recoils • In case of positive signature, additional evidence of its nature is needed Rate and spectra in Directionality Annual modulation different target materials Mainly forward scatters larger <v> smaller <v> 100 GeV/c2 WIMP CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 5 Detectors for direct WIMP search Direct detection techniques Detector requirements : PHONONS/ • Large mass HEAT • Low energy threshold Bolometers : Al O : CRESST-I • Background suppression 2 3 * = French ü deep underground contribution ü passive/active shielding Bolometers : Bolometers : * ü low intrinsic radioactivity Ge: EDELWEISS CaWO : CRESST Ge+Si : SuPerCDMS 4 ü ER/NR discrimination Solid-state ü or sPecific signature CCDs : Si : DAMIC* scintillators (directionality, annual mod.) NaI : DAMA CsI : KIMS Light gases : News-G* , MIMAC* Noble element DP-TPC Noble liquids Xe : PandaX, LUX, Ge bolometers LXe : XMASS XENON* Bubble chambers LAr : DEAP Ar : DarkSide* IONISATION/ SCINTILLATION/ multiPle signals à ER/NR discrimination CHARGE LIGHT CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 6 Direct search for WIMPs : status and strategies ���������� ��������� -�� -� �� ����-� �� - ] ��� ] � ����� -�� -� �� �� �� [ �� Threshold [ ������ ������ �� �� σ σ -�� -��� -� �� ����� �� - -�� �� �������� � �� -���� ��� ���� -�� - �������� ������� -�� � -� ������� �� �� - - Mass + discrimination ��� ��-�� ������� ��-�� Bolometers (Si, Ge, CaWO4) CCDs (Si) ���� ������ ���� ������ ��-�� Light gases ��-�� ���� ����� ������� ������� �� Liquefied ����� ����� ���������� �� ������� ��� �������� ��������� ������������NEW ! ���������� noble elements (Xe, Ar) ������� ��������� �� ��������� ��-�� � �� ��� ���� ���� ������ ���� [���/��] CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 7 Cryogenic bolometers + low E threshold, excellent E resolution + good ER/NR discrimination from light or ionization yield - need to operate in a cryostat - limited crystal mass HEAT + LIGHT HEAT + CHARGE à CRESST (CaWO4 @LNGS) EDELWEISS (Ge @LSM) talk by J. Gascon SuPerCDMS (Ge/Si @Soudan) ER NR CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 8 Cryogenic bolometers : recent results CRESST-III (2018,prel.) -�� � small size è • mdet~ 24 g x5 �� �� lower threshold • exPosure = 5.7 kg*day ��������� • threshold = 30 eV ] ] � -�� � �� �� �� [ �� [ �� ��������� �� EDELWEISS-III (2016) �� σ fiducialisationè • m ~ 870 g x24 σ det ��-�� ��-� surface bkg • FID detectors ����-� • exPosure = 582 kg*day - suppression ��� • threshold = 900 eV ����� -�� -� ������� ������� à talk by J. Gascon �� �� - - ���������� ������ ������ SuPerCDMS (2017) -��� ��-�� ��-� • - ����� mdet~ 600 g x15 �� ��������-�� � • exPosure = 1690 kg*day �� ��� • threshold = 8 keV ���� ������ ���� ������ - ��-�� � ��-� ���� ����� ������� ������� �� ����� ����� ���������� �� ������� ��� CDMSlite-Run3 (2018) �������� ��������� ������������ ���������� high bias-V è • m ~ 600 g ������� ��������� �� ��������� det ��-�� coherent ν scattering on Ge lower threshold • large bias V (Luke-Neganov boost) ��� ��� � � �� • exPosure = 36(60) kg*day (degraded PID) � • threshold = 70 eV ���� ������ ���� [���/� ] CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 9 Cryogenic bolometers : future strategies ��������� ��-�� ��-� ����-� - ��� -�� �� -� �� �� �� �� ] ���� ] Lower E threshold � ����� -�� -� �� [ �� �� �� 2 [ �� à �� 1-5 GeV/c Higher bias-voltage ���������� σ σ ��-�� ��-� (Luke-Neganov boost) ������ ������ - ���� ������ ��� ��-�� ��� ��-� ������� ������� - -�� ����� - SuPerCDMS-HV @SNOLAB - �� �������� � -�� �� -� �� ��� �� - EDELWEISS-LT 500/100 kg*d � 2 ��-�� ��-� [NEW!] à ���� ������ 0.1-1 GeV/c Smaller-mass crystals ���� ������ -�� -� �� ���� ����� ������� ������� �� �� ����� ����� ���������� �� ������� ��� (above-ground operation so far) �������� ��������� ������������ ���������� ������� ��������� �� ��������� ��-�� ��� � � �� CRESST-above ground 0.5g Al2O3 ���� ������ ���� [���/��] EDELWEISS-Surf 32g Ge ImProved background discrimination à better ionization resolution EDELWEISS-DMB8, 200 kg @SNOLAB à surface background rejection SuPerCDMS-iZIP @SNOLAB à talk by J. Gascon CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 10 Other DM candidates Electron recoil signal from scattering of very low-mass DM (Axions or Axion-Like Particles) or from absorPtion of Dark Photons EDELWEISS with imProved ionisation will extend reach to lower masses à talk by J. Gascon CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 11 Silicon detectors Dark WIMPs (NR) Photons Si-CCDs DAMIC (ER) à talk by A. Letessier-Selvon 40 g @SNOLAB Proj : 1 kg @LSM 3D position reco PID from cluster pattern ��������� ��-�� ��-� ����-� - ��� -�� �� -� �� �� �� �� �� ���� ] �� ���� ] � ����� �� -�� -� �� [ �� �� �� [ �� �� ���������� σ Si-bolometers SuPerCDMS σ ��-�� ��-� ������ ������ - ���� ������ ��� ��-�� ��� ��-� ������� ������� - -�� ����� - - �� �������� � + Lower energy threshold for WIMP searches -�� �� -� �� ��� �� - � + Single-charge resolution achieved in HV mode (ER) ��-�� ��-� ���� ������ ���� ������ CDMS-HVeV, 0.49 g*day (2018) -�� -� �� ���� ����� ������� ������� �� �� ����� ����� ���������� �� ������� ��� Projection 50 kg*y �������� ��������� ������������ ���������� ������� ��������� �� ��������� ��-�� ��� � � �� ���� ������ ���� [���/��] CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 12 Gaseous detectors NEWS-G à talk by P. Lautridou MIMAC è DIRECTIONAL DETECTION à talk by D. Santos Light gases è low mas WIMPs ��-�� ��� ���������� ���� ��������� Results (@LSM) : -�� - -� � ] �� �� ] � - �� [ • �� 60cm diam ��� [ �� �� -�� -� recoil event �� �� σ • Ne-CH4mix σ ˜34 keVee ������ • exP. 9,7 kg*d ������ ��-�� ��-� - ������� ������� �� � - - �� ��� - � ProsPects (@SNOLAB): ��-�� ��-� • 140cm diam ���� ������ ���� ������ ��-�� ��-�� • H / He ���� ����� ������� ������� �� ����� ����� ���������� �� ������� ��� Other techniques for directional detection : �������� ��������� ������������ ���������� 2 ������� ��������� �� ��������� à down to 0.1 GeV/c ��-�� ��� ��� � � �� emulsions, anisotroPic crystals, LAr ���� ������ ���� [���/��] CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 13 Noble liquid detectors (LXe, LAr) • Non segmented, homogeneous, comPact detectors • Easily scalable to very large masses • accurate position reconstruction -> background rejection • ER/NR discrimination from light + charge • in LAr, ER/NR discrimination also from scintillation Pulse shaPe (PSD) • in LAr, intrinsic contamination from 39Ar à Underground Ar, DePleted Ar Single-phase LIGHT ONLY Dual-phase LIGHT(S1) + CHARGE(S2) LXe : XMASS (832 kg @ Kamioka ) LXe : XENON-1t (1.3t @LNGS), LUX (118 kg@SURF), Panda-X (500kg @CJPL) LAr : DEAP-3600 (3600 kg @SNOLab ) LAr : DarkSide-50 (38kg @LNGS), ArDM (800 kg @CANFRANC) CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 14 Noble liquid detectors : recent results Xe XENON-1t (2018) 1 t*y current best limit Ar in high-mass region (2018) DakSide-50 PSD Parameter 16660 kg*d UAr WIMP region background-free result (using PSD) Ar DakSide-50 (2018) 6786 kg*d UAr current best limit 1.8-6 GeV/c2 (ionisation only) à talk by D. Thers à talk by D. Franco CS IN2P3, 25/10/2018 A. Tonazzo - World context for direct dark matter searches 15 Noble liquid detectors : future perspectives -�� -� High-mass WIMPs �� �� -�� -� �� ������ �� Muli-ton (2020-2025) ������ - ] ��� ] • Lux-ZePlin (LZ) � ��-�� ��-� - ����� -�� �� 10t LXe @SURF �� [ �� �������� � • XENON-nT [ -�� �� -� �� �� �� ��� �� -���� 8t LXe @LNGS ���� σ σ - � -�� • DarkSide-20k ��-�� �������� ��-� 20t DAr @LNGS ��-�� ��-� ��� ������� ������� global efforts (>2025) - - • DARWIN 50t LXe ��-�� ������� ��-�� • GADMC 300t DAr �� -�� ����� -�� �� ��������������� �� -�� ������ -�� �� �� ����

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