DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS URBAN TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORTS AUGUST 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY EI ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. JR 14-142 DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS URBAN TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORTS AUGUST 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS Technical Report No. 1 Analysis of Current Public Transport AUGUST 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS Technical Report No. 1 Analysis on Current Public Transport TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Railways ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 History of Railways in Sri Lanka .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Railway Lines in Western Province .............................................................................................. 5 1.3 Train Operation ............................................................................................................................. 8 1.4 Railway Passengers ..................................................................................................................... 11 1.5 Railway Fares and Financial Conditions .................................................................................... 16 1.6 Railway Infrastructures and Rolling Stocks ................................................................................ 21 1.6.1 Railway Rolling Stock ........................................................................................................ 21 1.6.2 Track ................................................................................................................................... 24 1.6.3 Signalling System ............................................................................................................... 25 1.6.4 Telecommunication Systems ............................................................................................... 29 1.6.5 Railway Facilities ................................................................................................................ 29 1.7 Railway Accidents and Derailments ........................................................................................... 30 1.8 Railway Institution and Administration ...................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 2 Bus Transport .................................................................................................................. 33 2.1 History of Bus Transport in Sri Lanka ........................................................................................ 33 2.2 Bus Routes and Operations ......................................................................................................... 35 2.2.1 Bus Routes of the Western Province ................................................................................... 35 2.2.2 Number of Buses ................................................................................................................. 43 2.2.3 Bus Kilometres .................................................................................................................... 43 2.2.4 Bus Travel Speed on Major Transport Corridors ................................................................ 44 2.3 Bus Passenger Profile ................................................................................................................. 47 2.4 Load Factors of Bus Transport .................................................................................................... 53 2.5 Bus Fares and Financial Conditions ............................................................................................ 54 2.5.1 Bus Fares ............................................................................................................................. 54 2.5.2 Government Assistance on Bus Transport .......................................................................... 56 2.5.3 Financial Condition of the SLTB ........................................................................................ 56 -i- 2.6 Bus Sector Administration and Operators ................................................................................... 58 2.7 Bus Terminals and Bus Stops ...................................................................................................... 58 CHAPTER 3 Paratransit and Other Road-Based Public Transport ....................................................... 61 3.1 School Van/Bus ........................................................................................................................... 61 3.2 Staff Service ................................................................................................................................ 61 3.3 Hired Three-Wheelers ................................................................................................................. 61 3.3.1 Increase of Three Wheelers ................................................................................................. 61 3.3.2 Safety Issue of Three Wheelers ........................................................................................... 62 3.3.3 No Transparent Fare System ............................................................................................... 62 3.3.4 Regulatory Framework on Three Wheelers ........................................................................ 62 3.4 Taxis ............................................................................................................................................ 63 3.4.1 Taxi Company ..................................................................................................................... 63 3.4.2 Taxi Operation..................................................................................................................... 63 3.4.3 Taxi Fare ............................................................................................................................. 63 3.5 Trip Generation of Paratransit and Other Road-Based Public Transport .................................... 64 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1.1 First Train Leaves Colombo Station in 1884 ......................................................................... 1 Figure 1.1.2 Tram Car on Main Street in 1950’s ....................................................................................... 2 Figure 1.1.3 Network of Sri Lanka Railway .............................................................................................. 3 Figure 1.1.4 Historical Trend of Passenger-Kilometres and Freight Tonnage-Kilometres in Sri Lanka ... 4 Figure 1.1.5 The Number of Staff and Daily Passenger-Kilometres per Staff Member in Sri Lanka........ 5 Figure 1.2.1 Railway Lines and Population Density ................................................................................. 6 Figure 1.2.2 Number of Tracks on Railways in Western Province ............................................................ 7 Figure 1.3.1 Train Distribution Diagram of Western Province .................................................................. 8 Figure 1.3.2 Train Distribution Diagram of Western Province .................................................................. 9 Figure 1.3.3 Average Scheduled Speed of Commuter Train .................................................................... 10 Figure 1.4.1 Historical Trend of Passenger-Kilometres and Freight Tonnage-Kilometres in the Western Province ...................................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 1.4.2 Historical Trend of Passenger-Kilometres and Freight Tonnage-Kilometres in Sri Lanka .................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 1.4.3 Daily Average Sectional Passenger Volume of Railway Network in 2009 in Sri Lanka .. 13 Figure 1.4.4 Average Number of Passengers in a Train ........................................................................... 14 Figure 1.4.5 Trip Generation Density for Railways ................................................................................. 15 Figure 1.5.1 Railway Fare Setting in Sri Lanka Railways ....................................................................... 17 Figure 1.5.2 Annual Revenue of Sri Lanka Railways 2007-2012 ........................................................... 18 Figure 1.5.3 Annual Expenditure of Sri Lanka Railways 2007-2012 ...................................................... 19 Figure 1.5.4 Revenue, Expenditure and Profit/Loss of the Sri Lanka Railways...................................... 20 Figure 1.5.5 Revenue and Expenditures per Staff Member of the Sri Lanka Railways (2011 constant Price) ..........................................................................................................................................................