The Indonesian Way 5 Module 5 – An Interview for a Job George Quinn & Uli Kozok License “The Indonesian Way” by George Quinn and Uli Kozok is licensed under a Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)” license. Under the license you are free to: ● Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format ● Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: ➢ Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. ➢ NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. ➢ ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. Please note that the license covers the text and the sound files, but excludes the illustrations. Date of Last Revision: 28 April 2016 The development of “The Indonesian Way” was sponsored by grant P017A090375-10 from the US Department of Education, International Research and Studies Program. The development of the print version was made possible by a grant received from the University of Tasmania. Indonesian Online «The Indonesian Way» is a great resource for learning Indonesian. However, once in a while it may be good to use some alternative materials. At «Indonesian Online» you will find additional learning resources using authentic texts, film, and even comic strips. Most materials at «Indone- sian Online» were developed by Prof. U. Kozok, who is co-author of «The Indonesian Way». «Indonesian Online» provides you with hundreds of hours of high-quality learning resources for the Indonesian language. http://indonesian-online.com Module 5 An Interview for a Job The main aim of Module 5 is to provide you with the vocabulary, sentence shells and cultural skills that will enable you to talk about education and work, ask and answer questions about these topics, and express a variety of opinions about them. The module will also help you consol- idate the skill studied in Module 4 of engaging in debate. By reading a short story and a number of shorter reading passages you will make a start on the development of reading skills. There is special emphasis in the module on gaining a command of verbs that begin with the me- prefix. You will learn the names of occupations and subjects of study. You will also get more practice in expressing opinions and preferences. The module provides some basic information about Indonesia’s education system. It will show you how to use an Indonesian dictionary and how to format a business letter. You will also learn how to pronounce the letters of the alphabet and you will get to know a number of very commonly used abbreviations. In the culminating role play you will practise taking part in an interview for a job. Indonesian Online «The Indonesian Way» is a great resource for learning Indonesian. However, once in a while it may be good to use some alternative materials. At «Indonesian Online» you will find additional learning resources using authentic texts, film, and even comic strips. Most materials at «Indone- sian Online» were developed by Prof. U. Kozok, who is co-author of «The Indonesian Way». «Indonesian Online» provides you with hundreds of hours of high-quality learning resources for the Indonesian language. http://indonesian-online.com 1 Lesson 60 60 Tentang Kata Kerja Aims • To provide some basic information on the verb system of Indonesian, focusing on transitive verbs and giving practice in the analysis and formation of transitive verbs. Vocabulary Review Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous les- sons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. memakai to use, wear menunggu to wait membantu to assist merusak to damage, destroy memelihara to take care of menolong to help mengajar to teach ujian examination menjadi to be, to become Rambu di Jalan Raya Bahasa An Overview of Indonesian Verbs Probably no feature of Indonesian is more difficult for foreign learners than verbs, so at this point we are going to pause to take stock of what has already been presented on verbs, and we will add more information about them. The discussion that follows is a little technical in places, but don’t worry if you don’t take it all in at first reading. It is given here more for the sake of completeness than because it is absolutely essential for mastering the language. After all, there are well over 200 million Indonesians who speak their lan- guage perfectly, mostly without any self-aware knowledge of its grammar, and in theory you can too. Nevertheless, many students of Indonesian do find that an understanding of the grammatical system can sometimes help improve fluency, correctness and expressiveness. But knowledge of the grammatical system of a language can only complement and never substitute for accurate im- itation of models and memorable repetition as tools for the attainment of practical correctness and fluency. You have already noticed that words in Indonesian are either single, indivisible forms (single morphemes or free morphemes) that stand on their own and don’t change their form, or they are “divisible” and can be broken up into a base word and one or more affixes (multiple morphemes). Lesson 60 Some examples of the former category — the “nude” words of Indonesian — are: mau, makan, rumah, kuning, pandai, telepon, mobil, pensil, komputer Examples of the latter category — the “clothed” words of Indonesian — are: berjalan, makanan, buah-buahan, membaca, perpustakaan, menarik The words above belong to various parts of speech: nouns, verbs and adjectives. In this lesson we are looking for the moment at verbs only. So far you have met three kinds of verb: 1. Helper verbs or auxiliary verbs These are verbs that sometimes occur on their own, but more usually occur immediately in front of another verb. They function to give an extra dimension of meaning to the second verb, es- pecially by showing some aspect of how the doer of the action does the action or relates to the action expressed in the second verb. Examples of helper verbs are: dapat, suka, boleh, bisa, mau, mulai, ingin, harus, ikut, pandai Helper verbs have only one form, and they never change form. So they are “nude” words, or single indivisible morphemes. Study these examples. The helper verbs are in italics. Kami suka makan di Rumah Makan Kartika. We like eating at the Kartika Restaurant. Apakah Ibu Prawoto ikut makan nanti malam? Is Mrs Prawoto going to join us for dinner tonight? Maaf, saya kurang pandai menulis dalam bahasa Cina. Sorry, I’m not really very good at writing in Chinese. Mereka tidak dapat datang. They can’t come. Biasanya mahasiswa tidak mau masuk kuliah pada malam hari. Students don’t usually want to follow lectures at night. Saya sudah mulai belajar Ilmu Kimia. I have begun to study Chemistry. 2. Intransitive verbs. I suppose you could say that an intransitive verb is one that “looks back” in the sense that it relates back to the doer of the action and not to anyone or anything else. In other words it signi- fies an action that is done by someone or something, but it is not done to anyone or anything. An example of an intransitive verb in English is the verb “to die”. You can say: “She died.” But you cannot say: *“She died her husband.” Intransitive verbs take several forms in Indonesian. Some are single morphemes, others have prefixes. Some examples of single-morpheme intransitive verbs are: Lesson 60 setuju, mandi, tidur, bangun, pergi, datang, terbang, masuk, duduk, kawin Other intransitive verbs consist of a base word plus an affix. The most common affix on in- transitive verbs is the prefix ber-, in fact most (but not all) words that have a ber- prefix on them are intransitive verbs. berjalan, berhenti, beristirahat, berubah, berlibur, bermain, berbicara A complicating factor here is that sometimes the ber- prefix is dropped, especially if you are speaking rapidly or informally. Compare these pairs of sentences. Each pair has basically the same meaning and both sentences are 100% correct, but the first is formal and the second in- formal. Saya ingin berjalan kaki saja. Aku kepengin jalan kaki aja. I’d prefer to just walk. Sesudah beristirahat dia mandi Sesudah istirahat dia mandi. After taking a rest she had a bath. Pada hari Sabtu pagi biasanya saya bermain golf. Sabtu pagi biasanya aku main golf. I usually play golf on Saturday mornings. There are also some intransitive verbs that have a me- prefix. You have already met one or two of them. Apakah Anda pandai menyanyi? Di mana Anda mengajar? Are you any good at singing? Where do you teach? Katanya mereka akan menikah. I’ve heard they’re going to get married. Gunung Merapi meletus kemarin. Mount Merapi erupted yesterday. Lesson 60 3. Transitive verbs If an intransitive verb is one that “looks back”, a transitive verb is one that “looks forward” in the sense that it signifies an action that is done to someone or something. You have seen that the English verb “to die” is intransitive. An example of a transitive verb in English is “to fell”. In English you can say: “She felled the tree.” But unlike “She died” we cannot say: *“She felled.” Actually, verbs like “to fell” are a bit of a rarity in English. As you can see, it cannot be intransit- ive.