CROCODILES Proceedings of the World Crocodile Conference, 22nd Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN convened at Negombo, Sri Lanka, 21-23 May 2013 Dedicated to Dr. Paulus Edward Pieris Deraniyagala (8th of May 1900 - 1st December 1973) (Unreviewed) International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Rue Mauverney 28, CH-1196, Gland, Switzerland 2013 Front cover: Saltwater Crocodile, Crocodylus porosus. © Ruchira Somaweera Mugger Crocodile, Crocodylus palustris. © Ruchira Somaweera Gharial, Gavialis gangeticus. © Ruchira Somaweera Title Page : P.E.P. Deraniyagala. © Siran Deraniyagala Literature citations should read as follows: For individual articles: [Authors]. (2013). [Article title]. Pp. [page numbers] in World Crocodile Conference. Proceedings of the 22nd Working Meeting of the IUCN-SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. IUCN: Gland, Switzerland. For the volume: Crocodile Specialist Group (2013). World Crocodile Conference. Proceedings of the 22nd Working Meeting of the IUCN-SSC Crocodile Specialist Group. IUCN: Gland, Switzerland. © 2013 CSG - Crocodile Specialist Group The designation of geographical entities in this book and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent official policy of the IUCN or CSG or its members. Reproduction of this publication for educational and other non-commercial purposes is authorized from the copyright holder, provided the source is cited and the copyright holder receives copy of the reproduced material. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior permission of the copyright holder. Compilers note Under each subject the papers are listed alphabetically according to the principal author. The papers are not reviewed. However, to maintain consistency in the publication, the compiler took the liberty only to change the format. In instances where the full papers were not received by the compiler, the abstracts sent for the Book of Abstracts were included to make the publication a complete one. Additionally, we have also included a biographical sketch of Dr. P.E.P. Deraniyagala remembering his contribution towards crocodilians of South Asia and 3 invited papers. Anslem de Silva Compiler September, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Technical credits and Editorial comments ……………..................................................................................………. 2 Hosts, sponsors and donors ……………………………....................................................................................…….. 8 Foreword by the CSG Chairman …………………………............................................................................……….. 9 List of participants …………………………….....................................................................................................…. 10 Happy memories of the WCC-Sri Lanka …………....................................................................…………………….. 16 P. E. P. Deraniyagala: the pioneer crocodilian researcher of South Asia. Anslem de Silva, K. Manamendra-Arachchi & K.H. S. Rangika Premarathne ………................................................. 22 Gharials A preliminary investigation into nesting and nest predation of the critically endangered, Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) at Boksar in Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand, India. S. M. Chowfin & A. J. Leslie ………………………..................................................................................................... 26 An assessment of assisted recovery of Gavialis gangeticus in the river systems of Northeast India. Abhijit Das, A. K. Das & S. K. Dutta ……………………......................……………...............................................… 29 Captive, semi-captive Gharial management and husbandry techniques in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Bed Bahadur Khadka, K. P. Gairhe, F. Kharel & Sabita Malla …....................................………………………....… 36 Physical evaluation of Gharials. Himanshu R. Joshi, A. B. Shrivastav & R.K.Sharma …....................................................................................……… 41 Leukocyte morphology of Gharials. Himanshu R. Joshi, A. B. Shrivastav & K.P.Singh ………............................................................................................ 41 Behavioral ecology of Gharial on the Chambal River, India. Jeffrey W. Lang & Pankaj Kumar .................................................................................................................................. 42 Dry-season assessment of gharials (Gavialis gangeticus) in the Betwa, Ken and Son Rivers, India. Tarun Nair & S. Katdare ………………………………………………………..................................…………….. 53 Monitoring of Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) and its habitat in the National Chambal Sanctuary, India. R.J. Rao, S. Tagor, H. Singh & N. Dasgupta ……………………………………....................................…….…….... 66 Status and population trends of Gharial in Chambal River, National Chambal Sanctuary. R. K. Sharma & N. Dasgupta……………..............................………………………………………………………. 74 Conserving the Critically Endangered Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh: Promoting better coexistence for conservation. Sanjeev Kumar Yadav, A. Nawab & A. Khan ………………..............................…………………………..………... 78 Human Crocodile Conflict Manobo-Crocodile co-existence in Agusan Marsh, Philippines: a cultural legacy of mutual benefit. Marcos “Makahinlo Gubat” Gonzales, Jr., R.I. Manalo, V. L. B. Alibo, V. P. Mercado, W. T. Belo & D. C. Barlis ........................................................................................................................................... 83 Crocodiles in Western of Sarawak, Malaysia. Ruhana Hassan & M. I. Z. Abdul Gani ........................................................................................................................ 90 Crocodile attacks in Sarawak. Engkamat Lading ......................................................................................................................................................... 96 3 Assessment of Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) attacks in Australia (1971-2013): implications for management. S. Charlie Manolis & Grahame J.W. Webb .............................................................................................................. 97 Crocodile human conflict in National Chambal Sanctuary, India R.J. Rao & R. K. Gurjwar ....................................................................................................................................... 105 An analysis of crocodilian attacks worldwide for the period of 2008 - July 2013. Brandon M. Sideleau & Adam R.C. Britton ............................................................................................................ 110 Human-crocodile conflicts in Andaman and Nicobar Islands - a case study. C. Sivaperuman & S. Senthil Kumar ....................................................................................................................... 114 An assessment of human-crocodile conflicts in Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, India. C. Sivaperuman & E.A. Jayson ............................................................................................................................... 115 Human-crocodile issues: Sarawak report . Oswald Braken Tisen, F. Gombek, R. Ahmad & C. Kri ............................................................................................. 115 Study on Crocodylus palustris: co-existence of men, animal and population survey at Kheda Anand district in Gujarat, India. Jigar N. Upadhyay & R K Sahu .............................................................................................................................. 116 Veterinary and Husbandry Commercial crocodile farming in Bangladesh, past, present and future possibilities. Mushtaq Ahmed …….............................................................................................................................................. 123 Microbial investigation of captive Gharial hatchlings in Chitwan National Park, Nepal K.P. Gairhe, I.P. Dhakal, D.K. Singh, H.B. Basnet & J.B. Sherchand ....................................................................... 124 Crocodile conservation breeding programme in India: past and future. Brij Kishor Gupta .................................................................................................................................................... 133 High hatching success of Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) in a commercial crocodile farm of Bangladesh. Md. S. Hossain, M. Firoj Jaman, M. Ahmed, Md. M. Rahman & Md. S. Rahman ...................................................... 139 Food consumption and feeding habits of hatchlings and adult Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) in a crocodile farm of Bangladesh . Md. Sakhawat Hossain, M. F. Jaman, M. Ahmed, Md. M. Rahman & M. Uddin ...................................................... 139 Towards developing animal welfare standards for Saltwater Crocodiles in Northern Australia Sally R. Isberg & John W. Finger Jr ........................................................................................................................ 140 Computed tomography study