Bulletin of the Kagoshima University Museum No. 9 A total of 1,277 species, including 129 species that represent the first reliable records from the island on the basis of Annotated Checklist of Marine and Freshwater Fishes Yaku-shima Island ISSN-L 2188-9074 collected specimens and/or underwater photographs, are listed with citation of literature, registration numbers, sizes, ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF MARINE AND FRESHWATER FISHES OF localities in the island, and nomenclatural, taxonomic, and ecological remarks. Color photographs of all the 129 YAKU-SHIMA ISLAND IN THE OSUMI ISLANDS, species newly recorded from the island are provided. KAGOSHIMA, SOUTHERN JAPAN, WITH 129 NEW RECORDS HIROYUKI MOTOMURA AND SHIGERU HARAZAKI Hiroyuki Motomura • Shigeru Harazaki February 2017 The Kagoshima University Museum Cover photograph: Cephalopholis sonnerati in a wreck off Isso, Yaku-shima island. Photo by S. Harazaki Back cover photograph: Males of Pseudanthias hypselosoma at 15 m depth off Isso, Yaku-shima island. Photo by S. Harazaki Bulletin of the Kagoshima University Museum No. 9 ISSN-L 2188-9074 Annotated checklist of marine and freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima island in the Osumi Islands, Kagoshima, southern Japan, with 129 new records Hiroyuki Motomura1, 3 and Shigeru Harazaki2 1The Kagoshima University Museum, 1–21–30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2Yakushima Diving Service “Mori to Umi”, 2473–294 Miyanoura, Yakushima, Kumage, Kagoshima 891–4205, Japan 3Corresponding author Abstract The second edition of an annotated checklist of marine and freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima island in the Osumi Group, Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan, was compiled from specimen and literature surveys. A total of 1,277 species, including 129 species that represent the first reliable records from the island on the basis of collected specimens and/ or underwater photographs, are listed with citation of literature, registration numbers, sizes, localities in the island, and nomenclatural, taxonomic, and ecological remarks. Color photographs of all the 129 species newly recorded from the island are provided. Published on 24 February 2017 Motomura, H. and S. Harazaki. 2017. Annotated checklist of marine and freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima island in the Osumi Islands, Kagoshima, southern Japan, with 129 new records. Bulletin of the Kagoshima University Museum, 9: 1–183. 2 H. Motomura and S. Harazaki Introduction Yaku-shima island, roughly round in shape with an area of ca. 500 km2 and a highest point of 1,936 m above sea level, is the largest island in the Osumi Group, which is located at the northern extremity of the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan. This elevated granite island is surrounded mostly by rocky reefs and sandy beaches. A comprehensive review of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island was published by Motomura et al. (2010) who recorded 951 species from the island based on literature, voucher specimens, and underwater photographs. Freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima island were also reviewed by Yonezawa et al. (2010), recording 32 species from the island. Motomura (2017) reviewed the history of ichthyofaunal surverys of Yaku-shima island since 1904 and documented records of fishes of Yaku-shima island between 2010 and 2016, recognizing a total of 1,138 species, including 15 species recently recorded for the first time. Examinations of 733 newly cataloged specimens collected from Yaku-shima island (556 specimens deposited at the Kagoshima University Museum, 112 specimens at the National Museum of Nature and Science, and 56 specimens at the Coastal Branch of Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba) and about two million underwater photographs taken at the island (mostly by the second author over 15 years) showed that 129 species had not been recorded from Yaku-shima island. Color photographs of these species representing new records are given in plates. In addition, nine species already recorded from the island in the published literature (Yoshino and Senou, 2008; Shitamitsu and Nishiyama, 2013; Akihito et al., 2013) were overlooked by Motomura et al. (2010) and Motomura (2017), and these species are also listed below. The above-mentioned published records and new records in this study bring the total number of marine and freshwater fish species for Yaku-shima Island to 1,277 (including a single in press record), the highest fish species diversity recorded from a single region in Japan. Material and methods Sampling methods were described and illustrated in Motomura et al. (2010). Curatorial procedures for collected specimens followed Motomura and Ishikawa (2013). Standard and total lengths are abbreviated as SL and TL respectively. The systematic arrangement of families generally follows Nelson (2006). Scientific names generally follow Eschmeyer et al. (2017), with some modifications following recently published or unpublished taxonomic studies. Within families, species are arranged in alphabetical order. Standard Japanese names generally follow Nakabo (2013), having been transliterated using the Hepburn system. Each species record was compiled from voucher specimens, underwater photographs, and/or published literature. Registration number, number of specimens registered (if more than one), mm in SL or TL, and locality on Yaku-shima island (see Motomura et al. 2010: fig. 2) are listed in each species record. All of the 129 newly recorded species in this study are shown in plates 1–12. Institutional codes used in this paper are as follows: BLIP (Biological Laboratory, Akasaka Imperial Palace, Imperial Household, Tokyo, Japan), BSKU (Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan), CAS and SU (California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA), CMNH (Coastal Branch of Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Katsuura, Japan), FRLM (Fisheries Research Laboratory, Mie University, Shima, Japan), KAUM (Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, Japan), KPM (Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Odawara, Japan), KYUM (Kyushu University Museum, Fukuoka, Japan), MUFS (Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan), NSMT (National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan), OMNH (Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka, Japan), USNM (Museum Support Center of the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Suitland, USA), and ZUMT (University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan). Marine and freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima island 3 Zoogeography of Yaku-shima island The fish fauna of Yaku-shima Island had long been considered to be similar to that of the Pacific coast of the Japanese mainland (e.g., Senou et al., 2006). However, Motomura et al. (2010) suggested for the first time that the fish fauna of Yaku-shima island is more similar to that of the southern Ryukyu Islands, rather than that of the Pacific coast of Japan, based on analysis of the top eight speciose families of fishes in the Sagami Sea, Yaku-shima Island, Ie-jima Island, and the Miyako Group. Subsequently, a cluster analysis of fishes from 12 localities in southern Japan also showed that there were two distinctive biogeographical regions in Japanese waters: one is the Japanese mainland and the Izu and Ogasawara islands, and the other is the Ryukyu Islands, including Yaku-shima Island (Matsuura and Senou, 2012: fig. 1.5). Recently, Motomura (2015) regarded that the major biogeographical boundary line, previously known as the Watase-Line located between Akuseki-jima and Kodakara-jima islands in the Tokara Islands, for marine fishes should in fact be located between Yaku-shima island and “Tanegashima, Iou-jima, and Take-shima islands” on the basis of comprehensive ichthyofaunal surveys in the Ryukyu Islands (Fig. 1; see page 182). The characteristics of the ichthyofauna of Yaku-shima island and its relation with the Kuroshio Current were discussed in detail in Motomura et al. (2010), Motomura and Aizawa (2011), and Motomura (2015, 2017). List of fishes from Yaku-shima island ORDER ORECTOLOBIFORMES FAMILY ORECTOLOBIDAE Orectolobus japonicus Regan, 1906 [Jpn name: Ose] Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima island. Motomura et al. (2010a): Isso. Kato (2011a, 2014): Yaku-shima island. FAMILY HEMISCYLLIIDAE Chiloscyllium punctatum Müller and Henle, 1838 [Jpn name: Inuzame] Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima island. Motomura et al. (2010a). FAMILY RHINCODONTIDAE Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828 [Jpn name: Jimbezame] Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima island. Motomura et al. (2010a). ORDER LAMNIFORMES FAMILY ALOPIIDAE Alopias pelagicus Nakamura, 1935 [Jpn name: Nitari] Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima island. Motomura et al. (2010a). FAMILY CETORHINIDAE Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765) [Jpn name: Ubazame] Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima island. Motomura et al. (2010a). 4 H. Motomura and S. Harazaki FAMILY LAMNIDAE Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 [Jpn name: Aozame] Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima island. Motomura et al. (2010a). ORDER CARCHARHINIFORMES FAMILY PROSCYLLIIDAE Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron and Lesueur, 1822) [Jpn name: Itachizame] Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima island. Motomura et al. (2010a). Proscyllium venustum (Tanaka, 1912) [Jpn name: Hyozame] Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima island. Motomura et al. (2010a). Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837) [Jpn name: Nemuribuka] Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima island. Motomura et al. (2010a). Carcharhinus limbatus (Valenciennes, 1839)