Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 5 INTENSIFYING ROLE OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS......................................... 7 Global Mobile Adoption ............................................................................................ 8 Transformational Elements ..................................................................................... 10 Expanding Use Cases ............................................................................................ 12 THE IMPACT OF 5G ............................................................................................... 16 5G Rollout............................................................................................................ 16 1G to 5G Evolution ................................................................................................ 17 5G Technical Objectives ......................................................................................... 21 5G Applications .................................................................................................... 22 5G Frequency Use ................................................................................................. 25 5G Schedule ......................................................................................................... 30 5G Device Availability ............................................................................................ 31 5G Phase One (Release 15) .................................................................................... 31 5G Phase Two (Release 16) .................................................................................... 34 5G Release 17 ...................................................................................................... 35 5G Architecture .................................................................................................... 36 5G Performance .................................................................................................... 40 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing .................................................................................... 41 5G Network Slicing................................................................................................ 42 5G NR Cellular Positioning ...................................................................................... 46 5G Network Types and Operator Strategies .............................................................. 47 Integrated Access and Backhaul ............................................................................. 49 2020-2030 TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION .................................................................. 51 Application Evolution ............................................................................................. 52 Radio Evolution .................................................................................................... 54 Network Evolution ................................................................................................. 54 Distributed Computer Intelligence ........................................................................... 56 Standards Evolution .............................................................................................. 56 Challenges toward this Future ................................................................................ 57 INTERNET OF THINGS AND INDUSTRIAL IOT ....................................................... 58 CELLULAR V2X COMMUNICATIONS ....................................................................... 63 SPECTRUM DEVELOPMENTS .................................................................................. 65 3.55 to 3.70 GHz (CBRS) ....................................................................................... 68 3.7 to 4.2 GHz (C-Band) ........................................................................................ 68 3.1 to 3.55 GHz .................................................................................................... 70 2.5 GHz (EBS) ...................................................................................................... 71 6 GHz .................................................................................................................. 71 5.850 to 5.925 GHz (DSRC) ................................................................................... 71 5G mmWave Bands ............................................................................................... 72 Spectrum Sharing (CBRS, LSA) .............................................................................. 74 Harmonization ...................................................................................................... 77 Unlicensed Spectrum ............................................................................................. 79 KEY SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES ....................................................................... 80 Virtualization and Cloud Native ............................................................................... 80 Global 5G, Rysavy Research/5G Americas, September 2020 Page 2 O-RAN ................................................................................................................. 83 Edge Computing ................................................................................................... 85 Artificial Intelligence (AI) ....................................................................................... 87 Unlicensed Spectrum Integration ............................................................................ 91 Multiple Cell Types ................................................................................................ 95 Neutral-Host Small Cells ........................................................................................ 99 Massive MIMO ...................................................................................................... 99 Multicast and Broadcast ....................................................................................... 100 Information-Centric Networking ............................................................................ 101 4G LTE ADVANCES .............................................................................................. 102 LTE-Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro Features ....................................................... 102 LTE 1 Gbps Capability .......................................................................................... 105 3GPP RELEASES.................................................................................................. 106 FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS ................................................................................... 108 VOLTE, 5G VOICE, RCS, WEBRTC, AND WI-FI CALLING ...................................... 111 Voice Support and VoLTE ..................................................................................... 111 5G Voice Support ................................................................................................ 112 Rich Communications Suite .................................................................................. 112 WebRTC ............................................................................................................ 113 Wi-Fi Calling ....................................................................................................... 113 PUBLIC SAFETY .................................................................................................. 114 LTE Features for Public Safety .............................................................................. 115 Deployment Approaches ...................................................................................... 117 EXPANDING CAPACITY ....................................................................................... 119 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................... 123 APPENDIX: TECHNOLOGY DETAILS .................................................................... 124 Spectral Efficiency............................................................................................... 124 5G .................................................................................................................... 134 Architecture in Detail ....................................................................................... 134 Architecture Options ........................................................................................ 139 C-V2X in Detail ................................................................................................ 141 NR-U in Detail ................................................................................................. 144 5G NR Cellular Positioning in Detail .................................................................... 155 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in Detail .................................................................. 177 Integrated Access and Backhaul in Detail ............................................................ 180 Performance ................................................................................................... 182 Quality of Service ............................................................................................ 189 Spectrum Bands for 4G and 5G ............................................................................ 191 3GPP Releases to Release