MEDLINE® MEDLINE is the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) premier bibliographic database. It contains references to journal articles in life sciences with a concentration on biomedicine and health. This is broadly defined to encompass those areas of the life sciences, behavioral sciences, chemical sciences, and bioengineering needed by health professionals and others engaged in basic research and clinical care, public health, health policy development, or related educational activities. MEDLINE also covers life sciences vital to biomedical practitioners, researchers, and educators, including aspects of biology, environmental science, marine biology, plant and animal science as well as biophysics and chemistry. A distinctive feature of MEDLINE is that the documents are indexed with NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH®). Dialog™ provides an interactive thesaurus so searchers can take full advantage of these and easily find the right terms for subjects while viewing their broader and narrower hierarchies, subheadings and scope notes. The greater part of MEDLINE consists of fully indexed documents, but there are also several types of ‘in process’ documents, including those known as ‘Publisher’ documents, which are early-release, electronic versions posted to the web before full bibliographic information is known. MEDLINE covers virtually every area in the broad field of biomedicine, including, but not limited to, the following: Clinical Medicine Environmental, Public and Occupational Health Dentistry Veterinary Medicine Nursing Nutrition Population and Reproductive Biology Pathology Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics Anatomy and Physiology Psychiatry and Psychology Toxicology Use MEDLINE to answer such questions as: • What is the latest progress in developing a vaccine for the zika virus? • Have any clinical trials been conducted on belatacept in kidney transplantation? • Are there any systematic reviews on the treatment of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps? • What are the adverse effects of indomethacin? Date Coverage 1946 - present Update Frequency Daily (seven days per week) with annual refresh. Geographic Coverage International Journals About 5,600 journals from over 70 countries Document Types Journal articles Publisher MEDLINE is produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine. National Library of Medicine Customer Services Section 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894 1 Sample Document TI AU PUB AB 2 RF MESH, SU MJMESH TI 3 JCLASS SUBST IF TI AU AF AU LA LS DTYPE 4 PUB VO IS PG ISSN ISSN PT, PSTYPE CM JC PBLOC, CP NT DOI PD, YR DCRE DCOM DREV DSTAT DSTAT AN FAV UD 5 Search Fields Field Name Field Code Example Description and Notes Use adjacency and/or Boolean Abstract AB ab(prostate AND treatment) operators to narrow or broaden search results. Add: AND ABANY(YES) to a query to limit retrieval to records with Abstract present ABANY "prostate cancer" AND abany(yes) abstracts. Use double quotes to search a precise phrase. A unique document identification Accession number AN an(30232539) number assigned by the information provider, NLM. all((“prostate specific membrane Searches all fields. Use proximity All fields ALL antigen” OR PSMA) AND (carcinoma OR and/or Boolean operators to narrow cancer)) or broaden search results. (“prostate specific membrane antigen” Same as ALL field code. Searches all All fields + text -- OR PSMA) AND (carcinoma OR cancer) fields. au(sathekge, mike) All Authors are included in articles Author1 AU au(sathekge, m*) since 2000. Before that date, an au(sathekge) abbreviated list may be present. The first name listed in Author field. Author – first You can look up authors in the author FAU fau(mccormack) author browse list, but you cannot specify it as a first author in the browse list. Before 2014, Medline included the affiliation of the first author only. Since 2014 the affiliations of all af("steve biko academic hospital") Author affiliation authors are included when provided AF af(virginia) by the publisher. Since 2015, multiple af(germany) affiliations of single authors are included when provided by the publisher. The author’s email address, when Author email available, appears both in the AU au(up.ac.za) address affiliation field and here in its own field 1 A Lookup/Browse feature is available for this field in the Advanced Search dropdown or in Browse fields. 6 Field Name Field Code Example Description and Notes Beginning with 2013 MeSH Vocabulary, Registry Number contains Unique Ingredient Identifiers (UNIIs) from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Substance Registration System. A zero (0) is a rn(9G34HU7RV0) valid value when an actual number CAS® Registry Number1 cannot be located or is not yet rn(EC 2.7.10.1) available. RN Older records may contain the unique rn(9002-71-5) 5 to 9 digit number in hyphenated format (Registry Number) assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service to specific chemical substances. For enzymes, the E.C. number derived from Enzyme Nomenclature appears here. This field is also searchable using the Substance field code (SUBST). sti(nct02065986) Present in articles about specific Clinical trial ID STI sti(“clinicaltrials.gov”) clinical trials Copyright CY cy(mccormack) Not present in all documents The author of the article when it is an Corporate author CA ca("EPE-A study group") organization or group The date on which the NLM dcom(2019-05-20) completed the record and added Date completed DCOM dcom(>20190520) MeSH indexing. dcom(20190101-20190531) Date range searching is supported. The date on which the NLM created dcre(2018-09-21) the record; it may not have any MeSH Date created DCRE dcre(>20180630) indexing at this stage. Date range searching is supported. The date on which the NLM revised drev(2019-09-03) the document (it could be years after Date revised DREV drev(20190903) created/completed dates). drev(>20190603) Date range searching is supported 7 Field Name Field Code Example Description and Notes Medline documents have one of the following status types according to its place in the NLM’s flow: Publisher - articles that appear on the web in advance of the journal issue's release (i.e., ahead of print citations) In data review – first step in the dstat(publisher) NLM’s quality control; records with this value will proceed either to ‘In dstat(“in data review”) process’ or to ‘PubMed-not-Medline’ In process – bibliographic data is dstat(“in process”) checked but no MeSH terms are dstat.exact(medline) added yet Document status DSTAT Medline – complete documents with dstat(pubmed-not-medline) MeSH indexing and ‘Date Completed’; the vast majority of documents in Medline are in this status. Use ‘exact’ when searching this value to differentiate it from ‘pubmed not medline’. Pubmed-not-Medline – records are dstat(revised) not in scope for Medline In addition, you can use dstat to search for revised documents; these are all documents which the NLM has changed for any reason, including when a document is moved from one status to another. Document title See Title You can select the document type Document type DTYPE dtype("clinical trial") from a list on the Advanced Search page Digital Object Identifier. The portion of the DOI that follows http://dx.doi.org/ DOI DOI doi(“10.1007/s00259-018-4167-0”) is searchable if enclosed in double quotes Indicates the first time a document was loaded in Medline on Dialog. It will not change regardless of how First available FAV fav(20180920) many times the record is subsequently reloaded, as long as the accession number stays the same. 8 Field Name Field Code Example Description and Notes Useful in multi-file searches to isolate “prostate cancer” AND fdb(medlineprof) records from a single database. FDB From database2 FDB cannot be searched on its own; “prostate cancer” AND fdb(10000136) specify at least one search term then AND it with FDB. Molecular sequence data. An article may have a reference to the databank and the accession number assigned Genetic sequence GEN gen(hm744763) to the sequence, and these are number included in Medline since 1988. This field is present in less than 1% of Medline documents. If the work described in the article is supported by a grant or sponsorship Grant information GI gi(“medical research council”) the name of the fund-giving authority is provided here. Included in about 10% of Medline documents, identifiers are supplied by Identifiers partners to the NLM, such as NASA IF if(chemotherapy-naive) (keyword) and the Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Use MeSH for more comprehensive subject searching (see below). Included in less than 1% of Medline documents, these are the names of Investigator/ individuals who are not authors but IR ir(weber) collaborator are listed in the paper as investigators or collaborators involved in the research Both the print and the electronic ISSN issn(1619-7070) can be searched with this field code. ISSN ISSN issn(16197070) Also searchable via the Look Up issn(1619-7089) Citation tool. iss(1) Issue information is also searchable Issue ISS iss(supp) via the Look Up Citation tool. The NLM groups journals into very broad subject categories. You can select them from a list on the Journal Advanced Search page. A common JCLASS jclass(“abridged index medicus”) classification one is ‘Abridged Index Medicus’ which includes Medline’s priority journals, i.e. those which are processed before others. 2 Click the “Field codes” hyperlink at the top right of the Advanced Search page. Click “Search syntax and field codes”, then click on “FDB command” to get a list of database names and codes that can be searched with FDB. 9 Field Name Field Code Example Description and Notes This is a code assigned to each Journal code JC jc(101140988) journal indexed in Medline by the NLM. jn(european journal of nuclear medicine A Look up list is available under Journal title JN and molecular imaging) Publication title.