Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2014 6 GHz RF CMOS Active Inductor Band Pass Filter Design and Process Variation Detection Shuo Li Wright State University Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all Part of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Repository Citation Li, Shuo, "6 GHz RF CMOS Active Inductor Band Pass Filter Design and Process Variation Detection" (2014). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 1386. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/1386 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse all Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 6 GHz RF CMOS Active Inductor Band Pass Filter Design and Process Variation Detection A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering By SHUO LI B.S., Dalian Jiaotong University, China, 2012 2014 WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL July 1, 2013 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Shuo Li ENTITLED “6 GHz RF CMOS Active Inductor Band Pass Filter Design and Process Variation Detection” BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Science in Engineering ___________________________ Saiyu Ren, Ph.D. Thesis Director ___________________________ Brian D. Rigling, Ph.D. Chair, Department of Electrical Engineering Committee on Final Examination ___________________________ Saiyu Ren, Ph.D. ___________________________ Raymond Siferd, Ph.D. ___________________________ Yan Zhuang, Ph.D. ___________________________ Robert E. W. Fyffe, Ph.D. Vice President for Research and Dean of the Graduate School Abstract Li, Shuo. M.S.Egr, Department of Electrical Engineering, Wright State University, 2014. “6 GHz RF CMOS Active Inductor Band Pass Filter Design and Process Variation Detection” A 90nm CMOS active inductor band pass filter with automatic peak detection is demonstrated in this thesis. The active inductor band pass filter has a better performance than the passive band pass filter in on-chip circuit design, due to small area, larger gain and tunable frequency. However, process variation makes the active inductor band pass filter hard to be used widely in many applications. To settle this issue, an automatic voltage peak detector is introduced to detect the process variation direction and hope to be used to control the active inductor band pass filter center frequency and gain. The designed active filter shows center frequency of 6GHz and quality factor (Q) of 31.9. To drive the peak detector, two analog buffers are designed with f-dB over 6GHz, and one has 0dB gain at low frequency region, another one would emphasize 0dB gain on 6GHz. The voltage peak detector can detect the AC input amplitude range from 0.06V to 0.6 and produce a linear output DC voltage of 77.97mV to 726.65mV. iii Table of Contents I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Passive Filters ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 CMOS Technology ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3 PVT Variation ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Process Variation ...................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Voltage Variation ...................................................................................................... 5 1.3.3 Temperature Variation .............................................................................................. 6 1.4 Active Inductor Band Pass Filter ......................................................................................... 6 1.5 Analog Buffer ...................................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Voltage Peak Detector ......................................................................................................... 8 1.7 Motivation ........................................................................................................................... 8 1.8 Objective ............................................................................................................................. 9 II. CMOS Active Band Pass Filter ...............................................................................................11 2.1 Gyrator-C Active Inductor Implementation ......................................................................11 2.2 Active Inductor Band Pass Filter .......................................................................................12 2.3 Simulation results ..............................................................................................................15 2.4 Manual Calibration ............................................................................................................20 III. Analog Buffer ..........................................................................................................................22 3.1 System Review ..................................................................................................................22 3.2 Circuit Architecture ...........................................................................................................23 3.3 Practical Circuit Design and Simulation Results ...............................................................30 3.3.1 Transistor Width Set Up .........................................................................................30 3.3.2 Simulation Result ...................................................................................................31 3.4 Summary ...........................................................................................................................35 IV. CMOS Peak Detector ..............................................................................................................37 4.1 Circuit Implementation .....................................................................................................37 4.2 Simulation Results.............................................................................................................38 4.3 Circuit Modification ..........................................................................................................40 4.4 Output Continuous Detection with Input Amplitude Change ...........................................45 4.5 Circuit Summary ...............................................................................................................46 V. On-chip CMOS Active Band Pass Filter with Amplitude Detection ....................................47 5.1 Circuit introduction ...........................................................................................................47 5.2 Automatic Amplitude Detector Simulation Result ............................................................48 6.1 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................50 6.2 Future works ......................................................................................................................51 References .......................................................................................................................................52 iv List of Figures Fig 1.1.1 Three filters circuit diagrams: (a) Low pass filter (b) High pass filter (c) Band pass filter ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Fig 1.1.2 Three filters function diagrams: (a) Low pass filter (b) High pass filter (c) Band pass filter ................................................................................................................................... 2 Fig 1.2.1 NMOS and PMOS (from left to right) schematic symbol ............................................ 4 Fig 2.1.1 Gyrator-C network ....................................................................................................11 Fig 2.2.1 Active Inductor Based BP Filter .................................................................................13 Fig 2.3.1 AC analysis of active band pass filter ........................................................................15 Fig 2.3.2 Transient analysis of active inductor band pass filter ...............................................16 Fig 2.3.3 Corner analysis output center frequency (split) .......................................................17 Fig 2.3.4 Corner analysis output center frequency (combined) ..............................................17 Fig 2.3.5 Monte Carlo analysis with mismatch data saved (run 20 times) ..............................19 Fig 2.4.1 FF corner ac simulation after manual adjustment ....................................................20 Fig 2.4.2 SS corner ac simulation after manual adjustment ....................................................21 Fig 3.1.1 Block diagram of automatically