The United Republic of Tanzania IRINGA REGION SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE, 2013 October, 2013 The United Republic of Tanzania IRINGA REGION SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE, 2013 Jointly prepared Ministry of Finance, National Bureau of Statistics and Iringa Regional Secretariat National Bureau of Statistics Dar es Salaam October, 2013 Iringa Region Socio-Economic Profile, 2013 Foreword The goals of Tanzania‟s Development Vision 2025 are in line with United Nation‟s Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and are pursued through the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) or MKUKUTA II. The major goals are to achieve a high-quality livelihood for the people, attain good governance through the rule of law and develop a strong and competitive economy. To monitor the progress in achieving these goals, there is need for timely, accurate data and information at all levels. Problems especially in rural areas are many and demanding. Social and economic Tservices require sustainable improvement. The high primary school enrolment rates recently attained have to be maintained and so is the policy of making sure that all pupils who pass standard seven examinations join Form One. The food situation is still precarious; infant and maternal mortality rates continue are high and unemployment triggers mass migration of youths from rural areas to the already overcrowded urban centres. Added to the above problems, is the menace posed by HIV/AIDS, the prevalence of which hinders efforts to advance into the 21st century of science and technology. The pandemic has been quite severe among the economically active population leaving in its wake an increasing number of orphans, broken families and much suffering. AIDS together with environmental deterioration are the new problems which cannot be ignored. Our efforts to meet both the new and old challenges are hampered by many factors including ill prepared rural development programs followed by weak implementation, monitoring and their supervision. The shortcomings in policy formulation, project identification, design and implementation due to the lack of reliable and adequate data and information on the rural development process have to be addressed. The availability of reliable, adequate and relevant qualitative and quantitative data and information at i Iringa Region Socio-Economic Profile, 2013 regional level is a prerequisite for the success of the formulating, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of districts‟ development programs. The publication of the Iringa Regional Socio-Economic Profile series by the Prime Minister Office, Regional Administration and Local Government Authority (PMO- RALG) in collaboration with the National Bureau of Statistics and Regional Administration Management Team should be viewed as a modest attempt towards finding a solution to the existing problem of data and information gap at regional level. The Regional Profile covers a wide range of statistics and information on geography, population, social-economic parameters, social services, economic infrastructure, productive sectors and cross cutting issues. Such data are vital to many policy makers, planners, researchers, donors and functional managers. This Iringa Regional Socio Economic Profile has taken advantage of the experience gained in the production of other Regional and District Socio Economic Profiles in and outside the Region. It provides valuable information to our clients. Constructive views and criticisms are invited from readers to make a profile like this a better tool in the implementation of the country‟s policies. I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge with thanks, UNICEF for their financial support, contribution made by the Iringa Regional Administrative Secretary‟s Office, National Bureau of Statistics and other staff of Iringa Regional Office who devoted their time to ensure the successful completion of this assignment. Ayubu W.D Ag.Regional Administrative Secretary October, 2013 ii Iringa Region Socio-Economic Profile, 2013 Foreword ................................................................................................................... i List of Tables .................................................................................................................. x List Figure ................................................................................................................ xx List of Map ............................................................................................................. xxiii Acronyms ............................................................................................................. xxiv CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................. 1 Land, Climate, Agro-Ecological Zones and People ..................................................... 1 1.0 An Overview ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Geographical Location ............................................................................. 2 1.2 Land Area, Land Use Pattern and Administrative Units .......................... 3 1.3 Climate, Soil and Topography ................................................................. 6 1.3.1 Climate ..................................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 Soil ........................................................................................................... 7 1.3.3 Topography .............................................................................................. 8 1.4 Vegetation: ............................................................................................... 9 1.5 Agro – Ecological zones (AEZ) ............................................................... 9 1.5.1 The Highlands Zone ................................................................................. 9 1.5.3 The Lowlands Zone ................................................................................ 11 1.6 Drainage System .................................................................................... 11 1.7 Population ............................................................................................... 12 1.7.1 Ethnic Groups ......................................................................................... 12 1.7.2 Population Size and Growth ................................................................... 13 1.7.3 Population Density ................................................................................. 19 1.7.4 Population Change ................................................................................. 22 1.7.5 Dependency Ratio .................................................................................. 23 1.7.6 Population Distribution by Sex and Age ................................................ 24 1.7.7 Households and Household Size ............................................................ 25 1.7.8 Rural and Urban population ................................................................... 26 iii Iringa Region Socio-Economic Profile, 2013 1.7.9 Migration ................................................................................................ 27 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................... 30 The Regional Economy ................................................................................................ 30 2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................ 30 2.1 Regional Gross Domestic Product ......................................................... 31 2.2 Regional Per Capita GDP ....................................................................... 32 2.3 Poverty Indicators................................................................................... 35 2.3.1 Income Poverty Rate, Poverty Gap and Gini Coefficient ...................... 35 2.3.2 Main Source of Cash Income ................................................................. 37 2.3.3 Literacy Rate and Level of Education .................................................... 38 2.3.4 Food Security and Food Consumption Patterns ..................................... 40 2.3.5 Access to Drinking Clean Water ............................................................ 43 2.3.6 Types of Toilets ...................................................................................... 45 2.3.7 Roofing Materials ................................................................................... 46 2.3.8 Source of Lighting Energy ..................................................................... 47 2.3.9 Source of Energy for Cooking................................................................ 49 2.3.10 Land Development ................................................................................. 49 2.3.10.1 Village Land use Planning. .................................................................... 50 CHAPTER THREE ..................................................................................................... 51 Production Sectors ....................................................................................................... 51 3.0 Overview ................................................................................................ 51 3.1 Agriculture.............................................................................................