Welcome to the electronic edition of Discovery and Empire. The book opens with the bookmark panel and you will see the contents page. Click on this anytime to return to the contents. You can also add your own bookmarks. Each chapter heading in the contents table is clickable and will take you direct to the chapter. Return using the contents link in the bookmarks. The whole document is fully searchable. Enjoy. Discovery and Empire This book is available as a free fully-searchable PDF from www.adelaide.edu.au/press Discovery and Empire the French in the South Seas edited by John West-Sooby French Studies, School of Humanities The University of Adelaide Published in Adelaide by University of Adelaide Press Barr Smith Library University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 [email protected] www.adelaide.edu.au/press The University of Adelaide Press publishes externally refereed scholarly books by staff of the University of Adelaide. It aims to maximise the accessibility to the University’s best research by publishing works through the internet as free downloads and as high quality printed volumes on demand. © 2013 The Authors This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission. Address all inquiries to the Director at the above address. For the full Cataloguing-in-Publication data please contact the National Library of Australia: [email protected] ISBN (paperback) 978-1-922064-53-0 ISBN (ebook) 978-1-922064-52-3 Cover design: Emma Spoehr Cover image: Official letterhead for Nicolas Baudin’s Voyage of Discovery to the Southern Lands (1800-1804) Book design: Zoë Stokes Paperback printed by Griffin Press, South Australia Contents List of Figures vii List of Contributors xi Acknowledgements xii Introduction 1 John West-Sooby Note on the Second Frank Horner Lecture 15 John West-Sooby 1 The Globe Encompassed: France and Pacific Convergences in 17 the Age of the Enlightenment John Gascoigne 2 The Abbé Paulmier’s Mémoires and Early French Voyages in 41 Search of Terra Australis Margaret Sankey 3 The Acquisitive Eye? French Observations in the Pacific from 69 Bougainville to Baudin Jean Fornasiero and John West-Sooby 4 Discovering the Savage Senses: French and British Explorers’ 99 Encounters with Aboriginal People Shino Konishi 5 A Case of Peripheral Vision: Early Spanish and French 141 Perceptions of the British Colony at Port Jackson John West-Sooby vi Discovery and Empire 6 New Creatures Made Known: Some Animal Histories of the 171 Baudin Expedition Stephanie Pfennigwerth 7 “Primitive race”, “pure race”, “brown race”, “every race”: Louis 215 Freycinet’s Understanding of Human Difference in Oceania Nicole Starbuck 8 Imperial Eyes on the Pacific Prize: French Visions of a 245 Perfect Penal Colony in the South Seas Jacqueline Dutton List of Figures Figure 2.1 Abraham Ortelius, Typus Orbis Terrarum, Antwerp, 1570. Source: Library of Congress, http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/ g3200m.gct00003 Figure 2.2 Louis de Mayerne Turquet [“La Nouvelle manière de représenter le globe terrestre en laquelle il est entièrement réduict dans un cercle, sans aucune division de ses parties”], Antoine de Fer (Paris, dans l’Isle du Palais). Source: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ ark:/12148/btv1b84908484 Figure 2.3 Pierre Du Val, “Terres Australes par P. Du Val, Geographe Ordinaire du Roy. À Paris. Chez l’auteur en lIsle du Palais, sur le Quay de l’Orloge”, Carte universelle du monde. Source: National Library of Australia, http://nla.gov.au/nla. map-rm3223-a2 Figure 2.4 Joan Blaeu [mappemonde de 1648], “Nova et accuratissima totius terrarum orbis tabula”, Geographia, quae est cosmographiae blauianae pars prima, qua orbis terrae tabulis ante oculos ponitur, et descriptionibus illustratus, tome 1, Amstelædami, Labore et Sumptibus Joannis Blaeu, MDCLXII. Source: National Library of Australia, http://nla.gov.au/nla. map-nk1577 viii Discovery and Empire Figure 2.5 Guillaume de L’Isle, “Mappemonde à l’usage du Roy”, 1720. Source: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ ark:/12148/btv1b53053238c Figure 2.6 Philippe Buache, “Carte des Terres Australes Comprises entre le Tropique du Capricorne et le Pôle Antarctique Où se voyent les Nouvelles découvertes faites en 1739 au Sud du Cap de Bonne Esperance Par les Ordres de Mrs de la Compagnie des Indes. Dressée sur les Memoires et sur la Carte Originale de Mr de Lozier Bouvet Chargé de cette Expedition”, Paris, Sur le Quay de la Mégisserie, 1739. Source: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ ark:/12148/btv1b59714557 Figure 2.7 Philippe Buache, “Carte des Terres Australes, Comprises entre le Tropique du Capricorne et le Pôle Antarctique, Où se voyent les Nouvelles découvertes faites en 1739 au Sud du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Par les Ordres de Mrs de la Compagnie des Indes. Dressée sur les Mémoires et sur la Carte Originale de Mr de Lozier Bouvet Chargé de cette Expedition. Augmentée de diverses vues Physiques &c.”, Paris, Quay de l’Horloge du Palais, 1754. Source: National Library of Australia, http://nla.gov.au/nla. map-nk1534 Figure 2.8 Robert de Vaugondy, “Carte Générale qui représente Les Mers des Indes, Pacifique, et Atlantique et principalement le Monde Austral divisé en Australasie, Polynésie et Magellanie. Pour servir à L’Histoire des Terres Australes. Par le Sr. Robert de Vaugondy Géogr ord. du Roi de l’Académie royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Nancy. 1756. Source: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ ark:/12148/btv1b8491639s.r=Robert+de+Vaugondy.langFR Discovery and Empire ix Figure 2.9 Philippe Buache, “Hemisphere meridional où l’on voit les Parties inconnues du Globe qui sont à découvrir autour du Pôle Antarctique et les vastes étendues de Terres que peuvent renfermer ces espaces inconnus”. Dressé par P. Buache, 1er géographe du Roy présenté à S. a. S. Monseigneur le duc de Penthièvre en aout 1770. Source: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ ark:/12148/btv1b59705966/f1.item Figure 6.1 Frères Lambert, engraving from an illustration by Charles- Alexandre Lesueur: New Holland Better Known/Useful Plants Naturalised in France. Frontispiece from the Atlas of the Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes (Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1807). Source: The University of Adelaide Figure 6.2 Charles-Alexandre Lesueur, “Nouvelle-Hollande: Île King. Le Wombat.” From the Atlas of the Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes (1807), Plate XXVIII. Source: National Library of Australia, http://nla.gov.au/nla. pic-an7573691. Figure 6.3 Charles-Alexandre Lesueur, “Nouvelle-Hollande: Dasyure à Longue Queue.” From the Atlas of the Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes (1807), Plate XXXIII. Source: National Library of Australia, http://nla.gov.au/nla. pic-an7568600 Figure 6.4 Charles-Alexandre Lesueur, Mirounga leonina (elephant seal, King Island). Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, Le Havre, no. 80001. Source: Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, Le Havre, no. 80001 x Discovery and Empire Figure 6.5 Charles-Alexandre Lesueur, “Nouvelle-Hollande: Île Decrès — Détails du Casoar de la Nouvelle Hollande.” From the Atlas of the Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes (1807), Plate XLI. Source: National Library of Australia, http://nla.gov.au/nla. pic-an7568633 Figure 6.6a Louis Freycinet, “Carte générale de la Terre Napoléon” (showing south-east Australia and Kangaroo Island). Engraving from the Atlas of the Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes (1811). Source: National Library of Australia, http://nla.gov.au/nla. map-raa2-s12 Figure 6.6b Cartouche from Louis Freycinet, “Carte générale de la Terre Napoléon” (showing south-east Australia and Kangaroo Island). Engraving from the Atlas of the Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes (1811). Source: National Library of Australia, http://nla.gov.au/nla. map-raa2-s12 Figure 6.7 Charles-Alexandre Lesueur, self-portrait on board the Géographe. Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, Le Havre, no. 13032. Source: Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, Le Havre, no. 13032 Figure 6.8 Charles-Alexandre Lesueur, “Nouvelle-Hollande: Ile Decrès. Casoar de la Nlle Hollande.” From the Atlas of the Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes (1807), Plate XXXVI. Source: National Library of Australia, http://nla.gov.au/nla. pic-an7568611 List of Contributors Jacqueline Dutton is Associate Professor of French Studies and Associate Dean (Engagement) at the Faculty of Arts, the University of Melbourne. Jean Fornasiero is Professor of French Studies and Head of the School of Humanities at the University of Adelaide. John Gascoigne is Scientia Professor of History at the School of Humanities, the University of New South Wales. Shino Konishi is a Fellow at the College of Arts and Social Sciences, Australian National University. Stephanie Pfennigwerth is Curator, Visitor Experience and Content Development at the Museum of Australian Democracy, Old Parliament House. Margaret Sankey is Emeritus Professor of French Studies at the University of Sydney and a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities. Nicole Starbuck is a Lecturer at the School of History and Politics, the University of Adelaide. John West-Sooby is Associate Professor and Head of French Studies at the School of Humanities, the University of Adelaide. Acknowledgements This book had its origins in a symposium that was held at the State Library of South Australia on 8 July 2009. The symposium formed one of the strands of the XVIIth Biennial Conference of the Australasian Association of European Historians (6-9 July 2009), the overall theme for which was “Europe’s Expansions and Contractions”. I would like to express my thanks here to Peter Monteath of Flinders University and his conference organising committee for proposing the idea of a symposium on French exploration in the Pacific and supporting us in our efforts.