An Introduction to Phonetics with Tengwar and Hangeul Will Monroe Splash! Teaching Program April 18, 2010 Image credit: user “Eruhildo,” from commons.wikimedia.org A Disclaimer The Tengwar Image credit: (left) Lee, Alan, from tolkienlibrary.com; (right) Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, The Return of the King, from books.google.com How Tengwar Are Written Each of the main consonants has two parts: a stem and a bow. The stem can be short, extend above the bow, or extend below the bow. The bow can be single or doubled, face up or down, and be open or closed. Every main letter is a consonant; vowels are added as small marks (tehtar) above (or below) the letters. Letters and Sounds of Tengwar Image credit: Måns Björkman, from ambar-eldaron.com But Wait: There's More! Dn't frgt bt th vwls... A Few More Miscellaneous Rules... Image credit: Måns Björkman, from at.mansbjorkman.net Making Sense of the One Ring Image credit: Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, The Fellowship of the Ring, from 2lincolns.com Hangeul (Hangul, Han'gŭl, Chosŏn'gŭl, Jeongeum...) Image credit: (left) David Hepworth, from commons.wikimedia.org; (right) unknown source, from commons.wikimedia.org “A wise man can acquaint himself with them before the morning is over; a stupid man can learn them in the space of ten days.” 정인지 / Jeong Inji, 1443 The Consonants of Hangeul h ch k t p ㅎ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ j g d b ( ㆆ ) ㅈ ㄱ ㄷ ㅂ jj kk tt pp ㅉ ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅇ -/ng ㅅ s(h) ㄴ n ㅁ m ss r/l ㅆ ㄹ ... and (Why Not?) The Vowels a eo ya yeo wa weo ㅏ ㅓ ㅑ ㅕ ㅘ ㅝ ae e yae ye wae we ㅐ ㅔ ㅒ ㅖ ㅙ ㅞ o u yo yu ㅗ ㅜ ㅛ ㅠ eu i ui wi ㅡ ㅣ ㅢ ㅟ Putting Syllables Together ㅅㅣ = ㅁ 심 ㄱ = ㅘㄴ 관 ㅇ = 요 ㅛ The Only Korean I Know 안녕하세요 . Break time! The Phonology of English Consonants Source: Wikipedia (Don't use this for your research, kids.) IPA in All Its Glory Don't worry, this won't be on the test. Source: Peter Ladefoged, UCLA Phonetics Lab (phonetics.ucla.edu). Now that's a good source. The Phonology of English Vowels Source: University of Texas, Department of Linguistics Vowels of the World Source: Peter Ladefoged, UCLA Phonetics Lab Is That It? • Consonants • Vowels • Other places of • Diphthongs articulation • Length • Gemination • Nasals • Airstream • Voicing • clicks and pops • Tone • ejectives • ... • implosives • ... .