Secretariat of the CBD Technical Series No. 38 Convention on Biological Diversity Access and Benefit-Sharing in practice: Trends In Partnerships 38Across Sectors CBD Technical Series No. 38 ACCESS AND BENEFIT-SHARING IN PRACTICE: Trends in Partnerships Across Sectors Sarah Laird and Rachel Wynberg People and Plants International, [email protected] Environmental Evaluation Unit, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa. Tel: +7 650 866 / Fax: +7 650 379 / Email: [email protected] Access and Benefit-Sharing in Practice: Trends in Partnerships Across Sectors Published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ISBN: 9-95-089- Copyright © 008, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views reported in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Convention on Biological Diversity nor those of the reviewers. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Secretariat of the Convention would appreciate receiving a copy of any publications that use this document as a source. Citation Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (008). Access and Benefit-Sharing in Practice: Trends in Partnerships Across Sectors. Montreal, Technical Series No. 38, 40 pages. Photos: Volume I: Suhel al-Janabi, GeoMedia GbR; Queensland Museum. Volume II: Queensland Museum; Fabian Haas; Suhel al-Janabi, GeoMedia GbR; Adam Harrower, South African National Biodiversity Institute; FSC Photo D Hircock; Pedro Martinelli; Rachel Wynberg. For further information, please contact Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity World Trade Centre 43 St. Jacques Street, Suite 800 Montreal, Quebec, Canada HY N9 Phone: (54) 88 0 Fax: (54) 88 6588 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.cbd.int Typesetting: Em Dash Design Cover Photos (top to bottom): Plectrantus “Mona-lavender”, a variety of a South African plant, developed and commercialised under the Ball-SANBI bioprospecting agreement Adam Harrower, South African National Biodiversity Institute; Teff plant Suhel al-Janabi, GeoMedia GbR; Divers, Courtesy of the Queensland Museum; Harvesting of prunus africana, Suhel al-Janabi, GeoMedia GbR Access and Benefit-Sharing in Practice: Trends in Partnerships Across Sectors CONTENTS FOREWORD .............................................................................................. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMEnts ................................................................................ 7 VOLUME I: STUDY ON ACCESS AND BENEFIT-SHARING ARRANGEMENTS —AN OVERVIEW ........................................................................ 8 1. IntRODUctiON and BacKGROUnd ............................................................ 8 2. CasE STUdiES ........................................................................................ 9 3. OVERVIEW OF KEY IndUSTRY SEctORS ....................................................... 3.. The Pharmaceutical Industry ...................................................................... 3. The Biotechnology Industry ........................................................................ 3 3.3 Seed, Crop Protection and Plant Biotechnology Industries ........................................ 5 3.4 Ornamental Horticulture .......................................................................... 7 3.5 Natural Personal Care and Cosmetic, Botanicals, Flavor and Fragrance, and Food and Beverage Industries ............................................................................................ 9 4. KEY FindinGS ACROss SEctORS ................................................................ 22 4. Engagement with the CBD ......................................................................... 4. Prior Informed Consent and Negotiations ......................................................... 4 4.3 Traditional Knowledge ............................................................................. 6 4.4 Agreements ......................................................................................... 7 4.5 Compliance and Tracking .......................................................................... 8 4.6 Benefit-sharing ..................................................................................... 30 4.7 Technology Transfer ................................................................................ 3 4.8 Intellectual Property Rights ........................................................................ 33 4.9 Partnerships and Arrangements .................................................................... 34 5. CONCLUsiOns ....................................................................................... 35 VOLUME II: CASE STUDIES ........................................................... 40 1. intRODUctiON ..................................................................................... 40 2. CasE STUdiES ....................................................................................... 4 CASE STUDY 1: Griffith University, Queensland-Astrazeneca: A Partnership for Natural Product Discovery Sarah Laird, Catherine Monagle, Sam Johnston ................................................ 4 Case Study 2: The Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), The International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), and Novozymes and Diversa (Verenium) Corporation: Agreements in the Industrial Biotech Sector Sarah Laird ............................................................................... 54 Case Study 3: The Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, the Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organisation, and the Dutch-based company Health and Performance Food International: the Tef case Rachel Wynberg .............................................................................. 64 Case Study 4: Ball Horticulture and the South African National Biodiversity Institute Rachel Wynberg ........................................................................................... 69 Case Study 5: Australian Sandalwood: Aveda-Mount Romance-Aboriginal Community Sourcing Partnerships in Western Australia Sarah Laird .......................................................... 75 3 Access and Benefit-Sharing in Practice: Trends in Partnerships Across Sectors Case Study 6: Natura, Brazil: The Use of Traditional Knowledge and Community-Based Sourcing of “Biological Materials” in the Personal Care and Cosmetics Sector Sarah Laird ......................... 79 Case Study 7: Access and Benefit-Sharing Agreements in the Commercial Development of Hoodia Rachel Wynberg .................................................................................... 83 VOLUME III: THE CommERCIal USE OF BIODIVERSITY: AN UPDATE ON RECENT TRENDS IN DEmaND FOR ACCESS TO GENETIC RESouRCES AND BENEFIT-SHARING, AND INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVES ON ABS PolICY AND ImPLEMENTATION .................................................................... 99 COntEnts .............................................................................................. 99 1. IntRODUctiON .................................................................................... 00 2. IndUSTRY PROfiLES .............................................................................. 00 . The Pharmaceutical Industry ...................................................................... 00 . The Biotechnology Industry ....................................................................... 06 .3 The Seed, Crop Protection and Plant Biotechnology Industries ................................... .4 The Horticultural Industry ........................................................................ 5 3. TREnds in BENEfit-shaRinG and paRtnERships ........................................ 117 4. IndUSTRY and thE CBD ......................................................................... 121 5. RECOMMEndatiOns ............................................................................. 129 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMEnts ........................................................................... 3 BibLIOGRaphY ...................................................................................... 32 4 Access and Benefit-Sharing in Practice: Trends in Partnerships Across Sectors FOREWORD At the World Summit on Sustainable Development, in Johannesburg, in 200, Heads of State called for ac- tion to negotiate, within the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity, an international regime to promote and safeguard the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. In response to this call for action, the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, in 004, mandated a subsidiary body—the Ad Hoc Open ended Working Group on Access and Benefit-shar- ing—to negotiate an international regime on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing and to complete its work as early as possible and no later than 00. In order to further a better understanding of access and benefit-sharing in practice, the Conference of the Parties requested the Executive Secretary to