M12 Motorway Non-Aboriginal Heritage Thematic Study Prepared for Transport for NSW December 2020 Document information Extent Heritage #0220110 project no.: Client: Transport for NSW Project: M12 Thematic Study and Interpretation Plan Site location: M12 Motorway Author(s): Helen Munt Document control Version Internal reviewer Date Review type Draft Lucy Irwin 21/09/2020 Alignment with IF Draft Helen Munt 24/10/2020 Revised Draft 1 Final Helen Munt 07/12/2020 Revised Draft 2 Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Sites Identification .............................................................................................. 2 1.3 Site identification ................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Methodology ...................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Why a Thematic Study? ..................................................................................... 6 1.6 Authorship and Acknowledgments ..................................................................... 6 2. Thematic Framework ................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Developing a Thematic Framework .................................................................... 8 2.2 M12 Motorway Thematic Framework ................................................................. 9 3. Themes ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 The Natural Environment ................................................................................. 15 3.2 Arrival and Transference .................................................................................. 21 3.3 Shaping and Developing .................................................................................. 29 3.4 Extending and Advancing ................................................................................ 36 3.5 Looking Beyond ............................................................................................... 66 3.6 External Influences .......................................................................................... 78 3.7 The Cycle and Milestones of Life ..................................................................... 86 4. Bibliography ............................................................................................................... 99 Extent Heritage | M12 Motorway Non-Aboriginal Heritage Thematic Study i List of Figures Figure 1: Map indicating the M12 study area. .......................................................................... 3 Figure 2: Map showing the heritage items within the M12 study area. ..................................... 4 Figure 3: Sketch by J. Heath, By water to Parramatta, with a distant view of the western mountains, taken from the Windmill-hill at Sydney, 1798 (Source: Dixson Library, State Library of NSW) ................................................................................................................................ 15 Figure 4: Sketch by Joseph Lycett of Aboriginal Australians night fishing by torches, NSW, c1817 (Source: National Library of Australia nla.gov.au:443/tarkine/nla.obj-138499378) ...... 16 Figure 5: Sketch by Joseph Lycett of Aborigines hunting waterbirds NSW, c1817 (Source: National Library of Australia nla.gov.au:443/tarkine/nla.obj-138499073) ............................... 19 Figure 6: The Emu in the Sky constellation (Source: photograph by Barnaby Norris, at Australian National University website, https://services.anu.edu.au/campus-environment/trails-tours/mt- stromlo-heritage-trail/australias-first-astronomers)................................................................. 20 Figure 7: Sketch by Joseph Lycett of View upon the Nepean River at the Cow Pastures, NSW, 1825 (Source: State Library of Victoria, Image 30328102131561/18) .................................... 21 Figure 8: Sketch by Joseph Lycett of Liverpool NSW c1824 (Source: National Library of Australia nla.gov.au/tarkine/nla.obj-135702359) .................................................................... 23 Figure 9: Map of the County of Cumberland, 1909. (Source: NLA ID No. 3884106) .............. 28 Figure 10: Fleurs Estate subdivision showing Lots 60-61 and 64-70 that became Fleurs Radio Station (Source: National Library of Australia) ....................................................................... 31 Figure 11: The subdivision of Exeter Farms (c1893) (Source: NLA MAP LFSP 434, Folder 33) .............................................................................................................................................. 33 Figure 12: Parish of Claremont, 1898 showing part of Luddenham Road, bottom left, marked as ‘Govt Road’. (Source LPI HLRV 14070101) .......................................................................... 38 Figure 13: Remains of the original South Creek Bridge, 2019 (Source EIS Section 7.6, p. 536) .............................................................................................................................................. 39 Figure 14: a rock cut and masonry lined section of the Canal c1898 with flume in the background and showing the serpentine nature of the Canal system ...................................................... 42 Figure 15: Typical plan for the workers' cottages ................................................................... 42 Figure 16: Animal Health/McMaster Field Station general view of property 1923-1932. (Source: NAA B5626, 426) .................................................................................................................. 47 Figure 17: McMaster Field Station experimental sheep dip 1923-1932 (Source: National Archives of Australia B5626, 422) ......................................................................................... 47 Figure 18: McMaster Field Station experimental sheep yards 1923-1932. (Source: National Archives of Australia, B5626, 427) ........................................................................................ 48 Figure 19: Sahiwal dairy cow developed at McMaster Field Station, 1968 (Source: National Archives of Australia, A1200, L70101)................................................................................... 50 Extent Heritage | M12 Motorway Non-Aboriginal Heritage Thematic Study ii Figure 20: Mr Thomas E Allen, senior research worker at McMasters, 1975 (Source: photograph by Alex Ozolins, Australia Information Services, National Library of Australia PIC/10555/467 Loc Box Pic 10555) ...................................................................................................................... 50 Figure 21: The YMCA Hut when it was first opened in 1916 at the Liverpool Military Camp (Source: Daily Telegraph, 29 September 1916) ..................................................................... 52 Figure 22: The YMCA Hut after relocation to McGarvie-Smith Farm and refurbishment (Source: Centaur No. 9, 1947, p. 4, Sydney University) ....................................................................... 53 Figure 23: News article showcasing puppy Sheep Dogs bred at McGarvie Smith Farm (Source: Newcastle Sun, 31 August 1938) .......................................................................................... 54 Figure 24: News article featuring one of the students at McGarvie Smith Farm with newly born lambs (Source: The Sun, 30 August 1938) ............................................................................ 54 Figure 25: One of the students captured in the local paper (Source: Daily Telegraph, 9 August 1938) ..................................................................................................................................... 55 Figure 26: Geddes showing visiting Indian farmers to McGarvie Smith Farm 1955 studying farm methods under the Colombo Plan (Source: CSIRO held at National Archives of Australia, A1501:A250/2) ...................................................................................................................... 57 Figure 27: Geddes showing the Indian farmers his spray irrigation piping method, 1955 (Source: CSIRO held at National Archives of Australia, A1501:A250/3) .............................................. 57 Figure 28: Geddes Turkey Nest Dam at McGarvie-Smith Farm, 1964 (Source: Geddes, UNSW Water-Harvesting Project, research article, 1/12/1964, University Animal Husbandry Farms, Camden, NSW) ..................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 29: Geddes at the Field Day, 15 June 1963 (Source: Fairfax Media Archives) ........... 59 Figure 30: McGarvie Smith Farm in 2020 (Source: S Graham TfNSW) ................................. 61 Figure 31: McGarvie Smith Farm in 2020 (Source: S Graham TfNSW) ................................. 61 Figure 32: McGarvie Smith Farm in 2020 (Source: S Graham TfNSW) ................................. 62 Figure 33: The abandoned dairy, McGarvie Smith Farm 2020 (Source: S Graham TfNSW) .. 62 Figure 34: Cecil Hills Post Office c1950 (Source: National Archives of Australia) .................. 65 Figure 35: View of part of the first prototype of