Start-Up openSUSE Leap 15.1 Start-Up openSUSE Leap 15.1 Publication Date: April 21, 2020 SUSE LLC 10 Canal Park Drive Suite 200 Cambridge MA 02141 USA https://www.suse.com/documentation Copyright © 2006– 2020 SUSE LLC and contributors. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or (at your option) version 1.3; with the Invariant Section being this copyright notice and license. A copy of the license version 1.2 is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. For SUSE trademarks, see https://www.suse.com/company/legal/ . All other third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Trademark symbols (®, ™ etc.) denote trademarks of SUSE and its affiliates. Asterisks (*) denote third-party trademarks. All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LLC, its affiliates, the authors nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof. Contents About This Guide xi I INSTALLATION 1 1 Installation Quick Start 2 1.1 Welcome to openSUSE Leap 2 Minimum System Requirements 2 • Installing openSUSE Leap 2 2 Boot Parameters 17 2.1 Using the Default Boot Parameters 17 2.2 PC (AMD64/Intel 64/Arm AArch64) 17 The Boot Screen on Machines Equipped with Traditional BIOS 18 • The Boot Screen on Machines Equipped with UEFI 20 2.3 List of Important Boot Parameters 23 General Boot Parameters 23 • Configuring the Network Interface 24 • Specifying the Installation Source 26 • Specifying Remote Access 26 2.4 Advanced Setups 27 Using IPv6 for the Installation 27 • Using a Proxy for the Installation 28 • Enabling SELinux Support 28 • Enabling the Installer Self-Update 28 • Scale User Interface for High DPI 28 • Using CPU Mitigations 29 2.5 More Information 29 3 Installation Steps 30 3.1 Overview 30 3.2 Installer Self-Update 31 Self-Update Process 32 • Custom Self-Update Repositories 34 iii Start-Up 3.3 Language, Keyboard, and License Agreement 35 3.4 Network Settings 36 3.5 Online Repositories 37 3.6 System Role 39 3.7 Partitioning 42 Important Information 42 • Suggested Partitioning 44 3.8 Clock and Time Zone 46 3.9 Create New User 48 3.10 Authentication for the System Administrator “root” 51 3.11 Installation Settings 53 Software 53 • Booting 55 • Security 55 • Network Configuration 56 • Default systemd Target 56 • Import SSH Host Keys and Configuration 57 • System 57 3.12 Performing the Installation 58 4 Troubleshooting 59 4.1 Checking Media 59 4.2 No Bootable DVD Drive Available 59 4.3 Booting from Installation Media Fails 60 4.4 Boot Failure 61 4.5 Fails to Launch Graphical Installer 63 4.6 Only Minimalist Boot Screen Started 64 II ADMINISTRATION 66 5 Managing Users with YaST 67 5.1 User and Group Administration Dialog 67 5.2 Managing User Accounts 69 iv Start-Up 5.3 Additional Options for User Accounts 70 Automatic Login and Passwordless Login 71 • Enforcing Password Policies 71 • Managing Quotas 72 5.4 Changing Default Settings for Local Users 74 5.5 Assigning Users to Groups 74 5.6 Managing Groups 75 5.7 Changing the User Authentication Method 76 5.8 Default System Users 78 6 Changing Language and Country Settings with YaST 80 6.1 Changing the System Language 80 Modifying System Languages with YaST 81 • Switching the Default System Language 83 • Switching Languages for Standard X and GNOME Applications 84 6.2 Changing the Country and Time Settings 84 7 Setting Up Hardware Components with YaST 88 7.1 Setting Up Your System Keyboard Layout 88 7.2 Setting Up Sound Cards 88 7.3 Setting Up a Printer 92 Configuring Printers 92 • Configuring Printing via the Network with YaST 95 • Sharing Printers over the Network 97 7.4 Setting Up a Scanner 98 Configuring an HP All-In-One Device 98 • Sharing a Scanner over the Network 99 • Scanning over the Network 99 8 Printer Operation 100 8.1 The CUPS Workflow 101 8.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers 102 v Start-Up 8.3 Installing the Software 102 8.4 Network Printers 103 8.5 Configuring CUPS with Command Line Tools 104 8.6 Printing from the Command Line 105 8.7 Special Features in openSUSE Leap 106 CUPS and Firewall 106 • Browsing for Network Printers 106 • PPD Files in Various Packages 107 8.8 Troubleshooting 108 Printers without Standard Printer Language Support 108 • No Suitable PPD File Available for a PostScript Printer 109 • Network Printer Connections 109 • Defective Printouts without Error Message 111 • Disabled Queues 112 • CUPS Browsing: Deleting Print Jobs 112 • Defective Print Jobs and Data Transfer Errors 112 • Debugging CUPS 113 • For More Information 113 9 Accessing File Systems with FUSE 114 9.1 Configuring FUSE 114 9.2 Mounting an NTFS Partition 114 9.3 Mounting Remote File System with SSHFS 115 9.4 Mounting an ISO File System 115 9.5 Available FUSE Plug-ins 116 9.6 For More Information 117 III MANAGING AND UPDATING SOFTWARE 118 10 Installing or Removing Software 119 10.1 Definition of Terms 119 vi Start-Up 10.2 Using the YaST Software Manager 121 Views for Searching Packages or Patterns 121 • Installing and Removing Packages or Patterns 122 • Updating Packages 124 • Package Dependencies 126 • Handling of Package Recommendations 127 10.3 Managing Software Repositories and Services 128 Adding Software Repositories 128 • Managing Repository Properties 130 • Managing Repository Keys 131 10.4 The GNOME Package Updater 131 10.5 Updating Packages with GNOME Software 134 11 Installing Add-On Products 136 11.1 Add-Ons 136 11.2 Binary Drivers 137 12 YaST Online Update 138 12.1 The Online Update Dialog 138 12.2 Installing Patches 140 12.3 Automatic Online Update 141 13 Upgrading the System and System Changes 144 13.1 Upgrading the System 144 Preparations 145 • Possible Problems 145 • Upgrading with YaST 146 • Distribution Upgrade with Zypper 153 • Updating Individual Packages 155 13.2 Additional Information 156 IV THE BASH SHELL 157 14 Shell Basics 158 14.1 Starting a Shell 158 vii Start-Up 14.2 Entering Commands 159 Using Commands without Options 160 • Using Commands with Options 160 • Bash Shortcut Keys 162 14.3 Getting Help 162 14.4 Working with Files and Directories 163 Examples for Working with Files and Directories 165 14.5 Becoming Root 168 Using su 168 • Using sudo 168 14.6 File Access Permissions 169 Permissions for User, Group and Others 169 • Files and Folders 171 • Modifying File Permissions 172 14.7 Time-Saving Features of Bash 174 Examples For Using History, Completion and Wildcards 175 14.8 Editing Texts 178 Example: Editing with vi 179 14.9 Searching for Files or Contents 179 Examples for Searching 180 14.10 Viewing Text Files 180 14.11 Redirection and Pipes 181 Examples for Redirection and Pipe 182 14.12 Starting Programs and Handling Processes 183 14.13 Archives and Data Compression 184 14.14 Important Linux Commands 186 File Commands 186 • System Commands 192 • For More Information 195 15 Bash and Bash Scripts 196 15.1 What is “The Shell”? 196 Bash Configuration Files 196 • The Directory Structure 199 viii Start-Up 15.2 Writing Shell Scripts 203 15.3 Redirecting Command Events 204 15.4 Using Aliases 205 15.5 Using Variables in Bash 206 Using Argument Variables 207 • Using Variable Substitution 207 15.6 Grouping and Combining Commands 208 15.7 Working with Common Flow Constructs 209 The if Control Command 209 • Creating Loops with the for Command 210 15.8 For More Information 210 V HELP AND TROUBLESHOOTING 211 16 Help and Documentation 212 16.1 Documentation Directory 212 SUSE Manuals 213 • Package Documentation 213 16.2 Man Pages 214 16.3 Info Pages 215 16.4 Online Resources 216 17 Common Problems and Their Solutions 217 17.1 Finding and Gathering Information 217 17.2 Boot Problems 220 The GRUB 2 Boot Loader Fails to Load 220 • No Login or Prompt Appears 221 • No Graphical Login 222 • Root Btrfs Partition Cannot Be Mounted 222 • Force Checking Root Partitions 222 17.3 Login Problems 223 Valid User Name and Password Combinations Fail 223 • Valid User Name and Password Not Accepted 224 • Login to Encrypted Home Partition Fails 226 • Login Successful but GNOME Desktop Fails 227 ix Start-Up 17.4 Network Problems 228 NetworkManager Problems 232 17.5 Data Problems 233 Managing Partition Images 233 • Using the Rescue System 233 A GNU Licenses 241 A.1 GNU Free Documentation License 241 x Start-Up About This Guide This manual will see you through your initial contact with openSUSE® Leap. Check out the various parts of this manual to learn how to install, use and enjoy your system. Installation Guides you through the installation process and the basic configuration of your system. The Quick Start section shows a quick walk through the installation using default values. The second part of this chapter provides details for every installation step. Administration Introduces YaST, the central tool for installation and configuration of your system. Learn how to initially set up your system and how to modify key components of your system. Managing and Updating Software Understand how to install or remove software with either YaST or using the command line, how to use the 1-Click Install feature, and how to keep your system up-to-date. The Bash Shell Learn how to work with the bash shell, the default command line interpreter on openSUSE Leap.